- What are the major roles of a project team?
A project team is a team that is assigned on a project by the project management company. It usually consists of a project manager, project team leader, steering committee carrying out a variety of exercise which will allow the project management completion successfully and attain the set goal. Every member of the project management team has a unique role to play. However, the project manager has the roles of overseeing that all the project management roles are completed which includes the role of providing a framework of the project activities and assigning every activity to their respective specialist. While the project manager is considered the steering of the project the team is considered the heart of the project as the completion and effectiveness of the project are dependent on the quality of the project team. The project team consists of a specialized employee with precise skills over a given role in the project. Depending on the project the composition of the project team can vary but there is some role that is constant and mandatory in every project team. They include the project manager, resource manager finance manager among other posts. Another member of the project teamwork in phases which include an in-house employee of external sources consultants who can be working either as a part-time employee or full-time employee. Here are some of the role of the project team;
Contributing to the project objectivizes– it is the role of every project team member to contribute to achievement to the project objective. This should be through performing their role in a good time and delivering the expected or desired result.
Providing their skills– it is the role of the team members of a project to provide the project the skills which have warranted their presence in the team. They will do this by participating in the project activities positively.
Documenting the process- it is the role of every project team member to keep and provide the documentation to what has been entrusted to them. For example, if a member of the financial coordinator should keep the invoices or journal entries.
- What is the role of the systems analyst in the process of developing information systems?
A system analyst is an individual behind the assessment of how the user in interacting with the technology and the functioning of the business is through the examination of the input, the business process, and the output information which are geared to the development and improvement of the organization process. The improvement of the business process involves improving the support of users, improving the work function, and the use of computerization as the business information system. This means that the role of a system analyst is the determination of the effective information system for the organization. The role of system analyst come system analyst comes through the development of ideas on how to develop a technological innovation which is the information system that will improve the functioning of the business processes while ensuring that the Information system maintains or reaches the standards. The critical role of the system analyst is a consultant, an agent of change and supporting expert as explained below;
Consultancy– the system analyst serves as a consultant for businesses that need to improve their process through the information system. His service is sole advice on the kind of information system infrastructure which would be used in a given business set up. Here the analyst will consider the business functioning and side to advise on the best information system solution to use.
Change agent- whether internal or external of the business a system analyst will foster change in the business information technology. When the analyst observes a chance to improve the functioning of the business through an information system, it is their role to inform the management and also ensure that the system is developed for business success.
Supporting expert– the system analyst has the obligation to provide support in the business at the system capacity. In the business when there is a need for a technical advisor about the business information system and its functioning the system analyst will fill the role. This includes expertise on computer hardware and software, use of the system, and data system security.
- What is the objective of developing use cases during systems analysis?
Use case used in documentation and explanation of the interaction between the user and the system. During the system analysis, the use cases are developed to establish the steps to be undertaken to achieve the user goal. When created the user cases are used in deriving a well detailed functional requirement for the new system under development. The major objective of the use case is illustrating the activities which will be performed by the user of the said system. The use cases are developed in the development phase of the system during the system analysts to help in understanding the system situation and what is expected of the system. Other purposes of the use case include;
Highlighting the various part of the system and the purpose of the parts- through the use case it is much easier to highlight the parts of the system and their role so that the system will be fully functional upon its completion.
- What is the purpose of the analysis phase of the SDLC?
The analysis is the first step of the project where the project begins. In this phase, the project breakdown occurs and the deliverables are developed in the high level of the project charter to a more detailed requirement of the business information system. The analysis stage of the system development life cycle is the most crucial because here the system direction is determined. During this phase, the requirement of the system is determined, and thus through this stage of the development, the system is structured. The information that is gathered in this stage is latter used in designing the system. This means if the analysis is wrong the whole system development will fail or will not satisfy the right level. However, the whole purpose of the analysis of the system during the development phase is to determine the business need that should be satisfied through the new system which is used to develop a preliminary concept of the new system. The analysis stage helps the business to understand and solve the features which the system should have so that it will satisfy the need of the business effectively. In other words the analysis stage help in understanding all the requirement of the user on the system so that when the system is developed it will have all the features that will satisfy the needs of the user and business.
For example, different businesses will have different requirements for the system due to their size, number, and nature of the operation. This means that with the analysis the true need for the system will be reached.
- What type of high-level business rule can be stated by an ERD? Give two examples.
Business rules are the guideline which is stipulated to guide the business, the employee must follow during operation in the system. This can be rules which are set in an organization that will guide how the operation will be handled. This contains limits certain events in the business which could cause the business operation to be affected or lost in the organization. Examples of such business rules are like the business rule which states that a client cannot cancel the order that has already been shipped. An order can only be canceled if the product is out of stock or before shipping. Another example of such rule includes one which states that the product or the said order just belong to one client after they have completed their payment. These rules are generally those rules in the business that are written before the first entity box. These are rules which are used to define the entity-relationship diagram. The definition of the rules in an entity will be determined by the kind of relationship which the entity has. For example in the two examples above, the rule applies to the business in which there is no close relationship between the entity which means that a good purchased by one entity matter in no way to the other entity. This means that the business is entitled to provide different entities with their right to the product while also maintaining the integrity of the business.
- Distinguish between logical process models and physical process models.
The logical process model is defined or explains a process without suggesting or explaining how the process is constructed. In a business situation, the logical process will explain how the business operates, the events in the business, the order of events. On the other hand, the physical process model will give information on how to develop or build a system. While the logical process model will explain the process without explaining how it is constructed, the physical model will explain how the system is developed or constructed. The main differences between the two are shown in the table below;
logical process models
physical process models
Show how the business operates
Show how the business operation is constructed or developed
Represent the business activities
Represent the program, manual and procedure
Shows how the business control its operation
Shows how the business system is validated and business data are sources for processing
Distinguish between the two-tier, three-tier, and n-tier client-server architectures.
2-tier architecture
3-tier architecture
n-tier client
The two-tier-two-tier architecture is a client-based server application
The three tire architecture is a web-based application
An N-Tier Application program is distributed among three or more separate computers in a distributed network
There is usually a direct communication between the client and server due to the tight coupling a 2 tiered application has which necessitate the faster running
Contains the presentation tier or the business tier and data access tier which is either client layer, data layer, or the business layer.
It is divided into the presentation layer, database tier layer, and application tier but can increase the application server as the need to distribute business logic rises.
- Describe the primary activities of the design phase of the SDLC?
The primary activity conducted in the design phase of the system development life cycle is identifying the system acquisition strategy of the most effective system which will satisfy all business requirements. During the prior stage where the business conducted the analysis and identified the most effective features of the system which will solve the issue in the business. After understanding the best design strategy for the project or the business it is only when the business can design the system. There are several designs which the system can be based which include procuring an already or prewritten software package, built the system with the organization or in-house, or also the business can seek developers who will develop the design for the company. The most effective is developing the system in-house, this will mean that the organization project team will have the role to have a myriad for the design activities for performing the primary role of development of the physical model of the new system. The model will document all the functions of the system and how the system will perform the function according to the analysis phase of the system development life cycle. This physical model should represent the true nature and functioning of the system to be developed before the development of system commerce. In the model, there will be the inclusion of the conversion of logical DFDs and ERDs to the physical diagram also the planning for the integration with the new system and the old system because as much as the new system is to be set up it should contain all features and much more of the previous version in an improved form and finally designing all components of a system like a user interface, database, and files.
- Why is content awareness important?
Content awareness enables the user to understand through the interface with less or no efforts. Thus helps the user to understand the position they are which makes it easy to use the system and thus increases the level of user satisfaction. Content awareness is explained as the process through which the interfaces informs the user about the information that is delivered through the interface with the most minimum efforts. This gives control of the system to the user as they can monitor their position, shared information, and what to see. Content awareness occurs through elements of the content like the titles, location menus, and defied the field and the legal used in the content. For example, when the user is using the system and they have an interpretation of the video or the content in the system, this happens mostly in the social media system where the system can translate to the user what they need to understand.
- Explain three important user interface design principles.
Layout- the system interface must contain a number or series of screens and monitors which will be used regularly for a different purpose. The screen should each be specialized and allocated a certain task which it would satisfy. Through the individual screen, a particular aspect will be monitored. The layout of the system should in such a manner that it fosters the user to view all the activities in the system. For example for a financial system in a bank, there should be several monitors for every role like traffic management, banking services, and loan services among others.
Content awareness– this is the principle that allows the user to have dominion or control of what is been exchanged or transferred in the interface through the interface. Through this principle, the user can understand what happens in the system.
User experience – this is the principle that determines how easy to use a system can be. While the experienced user prefers a more complicated system, the lesser understanding user would prefer. A system should be based on the understanding of the user., if the user is expert and with the understanding of computer science of system then the system should be complex and very effective in a complex situation, while that which should be used by people with semi understanding of the system should be a system with less understanding. For example, a suitable public ecommerce system should be one that can be used by people with the little most understanding of information technology. However, it should have the facilities of all the complex systems.
- Research Blockchain technology and discuss how Blockchain technology could improve the process, or reduce the cost, or help in general. You must provide detailed information in your post that addresses the following requirements:
- What industry or sub-industry your paper falls under.
The travel industry
- Why do you think Blockchain technology is the right technology to use?
The reason why blockchain technology is most appropriate is that it is a safer way of keeping records of the activities while keeping the data in a fresh and appropriate way through which history can be preserved. Through the blockchain technology data cannot be corrupted by anything or any unauthorized access and also the user can have an experience of the historical trail of the data and the instant up to data record.
- What problem(s) it will solve, and why.
Blockchain technology can be used to solve several major issues in the public sector. Due to the fact that the data integrity cannot be interrupted or affected blockchain can be the solution to many issues that have been prone to cyber-attacks. This includes storage of the voter’s registry and voting process in general, keeping traveling documents in the international ports, and finally storage of the hospital information. These are some of the systems which need to be very secure and also easy to retrieve when they are needed. The blockchain offers this combination of effective security yet easy to retrieve. Through the blockchain, the sector can keep records with a digital system with no need for documentation. Therefore the public sector especially the hospital can be able to keep vital information pertaining to the client’s health with the assurance of safety and easy retrieval but also reduce paperwork which infective.
- Explain the positive impact Blockchain technology would have in detail.
The main positive impact of blockchain technology is facilitating the decentralization of information where the information can be accessed from any point, securing the data which is stored in the technology as it reduced the access of the data by the person who is not authorized. Immutability and transparency as the blockchain will be able will only allow the accessibility to the person who is allowed. Through two-step verification, the user can access the data if they are allowed or authorized. The data structure in a blockchain is append-only; this means that it is hardly altered or deleted.
- Conduct research to find information about a failed project or a failed product that led to a discovery. Your report must include the following:
- Share a failed project/product related to technology (it can be from any era).
In this case study, the Flemings project is shared that means to isolate the culture sample which fails b. Explain in detail the failed project/product and provide information about the discovery made as a result
Fleming failure was caused by the fact that it was impossible to isolate the sample. Mold contaminated them. There are signs that mold interacted with the bacteria culture. However, the failure caused the discovery of the penicillin from the mold which grew the failure of the project. Penicillin was the first antibiotic and it was as a result of a filed project.