Action potential.
Action potential is associate with the change of electrical potential when the ions cross the neuron membrane. The ions involved are the sodium and potassium ions. Because the sodium ions are positively charged, they enter into the inside of the negatively charged neuron, and thus the more positive charge makes the neuron depolarized. This causes the sodium channel to open ( Forehand, 2009).
It takes quite some time for the potassium channel to open, and when it does, potassium will rush out of the neuron, thus reversing the depolarization. During the reverse process, an action potential will go past -70mV (hyperpolarization) because the potassium channel stays open for some time.
- Brain injury in sports.
Professional athletes sometimes hit too hard in the head, and they end up getting a concussion. Dr.Julie Gilchrist, a specialist at the CDC, says that concussions are functional injury and not a structural injury thus cannot be detected by an x-ray scan or any other forms of scan (Costa, 2015)
Concussions have several neurological implications. The short-term implications include headache, temporary loss of consciousness, delayed responses to questions, and dizziness. In the long-term, someone who has suffered concussions experiences memory problems, sleep disturbances, depression, and other psychological problems.
Recovery from a concussion is Possible within ten days if a patient reduces unnecessary movements on the head and neck while taking a lot of rests.
Concussion affects daily life like in the case of a sports athletes when an athlete suffers a concussion; he is not allowed to go back to training or participate in tournaments for quite some time, depending on how the doctor has advised.
Giving supportive feedback to reduce negative thinking would be the best strategy that could help the life of individuals to aid their recovery ( Jennings,2018).
References.
Forehand, C. J. (2009). The action potential, synaptic transmission, and maintenance of nerve function. Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine (Rhoades RA, BD, eds., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business, ed), 38-64.
Costa, s. (2015). Retrieved 6 March 2020, from https://health.usnews.com/health-news/health
wellness/articles/2015/11/10/the-truth-about-concussions
Jennings, P. A. (2018). The trauma-sensitive classroom: Building resilience with compassionate teaching. WW Norton & Company.