OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
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Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Pregnancy is a period in human life when the body of a woman undergoes a lot of changes in her lymphatic system, hormonal balance, the cardiovascular system, and the musculoskeletal system. These changes within the body of a woman highlight the need to go for a clinical check-up and most probably a test. These were the changes that happened to Jane and which made her go to the antenatal clinic with complaints of amenorrhea for 10 weeks. She suspected herself pregnant but had not confirmed it through tests. A test was needed for Madam Jane in order to confirm. To clear her doubt, Jane should conduct a pregnancy test. The most common early signs of pregnancy and which the madam should have noted include fatigue, swollen breast, Nausea, increased urination among other body changes which she had witnessed (Millar and Cameron, 2018 p.55). All these changes needed confirmation from the clinic something which the clinic went forth to confirm that the symptoms she was experiencing were from a 10 weeks pregnancy.
Anatomical structures refer to any biological entity which occupies space and differentiates it with its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be microscopic like a carpel. During pregnancy, a significant amount of liquid accumulates in spaces between the tissues (Anand and Nargotra, 2017 p.1650). It is a condition experienced mostly by pregnant women and is the exact signs Madam Jane is showing. The clinical manifestation of this condition is swellings located in lower legs and in around ankles. Additionally, unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, and excessive weight increase are some signs which indicate pregnancy in women and which Madam Jane should have monitored. In assessing obstetrical patients, clinical officers should introduce themselves and clarify the patient’s identity and try to put mum at ease (Millar and Cameron, 2018 p.57). Clinical officers should perform a general inspection to the mum and monitor her pump. Fundal height measurements should be got and the baby lies through examining her bump. After testing and getting enough evidence that the person is pregnant, proper pregnancy monitoring and maintenance should be done to the pregnant person. During monitoring, clinical officers should listen to the fetus through a dropper monitor pressed on the abdomen. A normal pregnancy is a viable pregnancy where after 9 months the pregnant woman will deliver a baby or an embryo which grows. On the other hand, an abnormal pregnancy is a pregnancy also referred to as an ectopic pregnancy is where a fertilized egg is not an embryo and in the end, there will be no child and the egg will have to be removed from the woman health body.
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Nine months of pregnancy end with the delivery of a healthy baby. Labor pains are one of the main indications that the time for delivery has arrived and that a woman is ready to give birth. It was the same case which happened to Madam Jane after 9 months of pregnancy, she was admitted with labor pains to give birth. Before embarking on labor care during delivery, it is important for doctors to differentiate between the two types of labor pains that is true labor and false labor. During delivery, false labor is referred to as labor which will not dilate through the cervix (Tarca et al., 2018 p.25). The contractions witnessed during false labor might come out at regular intervals and will not increase in their strength or even get closer together. On the other hand, true labor includes regular and strong contractions of the belly and lower back parts (Tarca et al., 2018 p.25). Additionally, there is a mucus discharge in the cervix with water breaking. One thing to note during labor is that not all labor pains are true labor pains.
Every lady labor is unique, even from one pregnancy to the next. In some cases, labor in a matter of hours while in other cases, labor tests mother emotional and physical stamina. It is not easy for people to know how childbirth and labor will unfold until it happens to them (Ness, Goldberg, and Berghella, 2005 p.209). However, females should prepare for the process through understanding the different stages which take place during labor. Labor goes in 3 stages.
- Stage one: Early labor and active labor: It is the first stage of childbirth labor and happens when a lady begins to feel regular contradictions leading to the opening of the cervix and its softening. These contradictions allow for the unborn baby to move downwards towards the birth canal. Of all the stages, the first stage is the longest (Ness, Goldberg, and Berghella, 2005 p.210). Its time frame is unpredictable but for the first time, it ranges from hours to days.
- Stage Two: The birth of Child: It is the time to deliver the baby. It can last for some minutes to a few hours or even more to some in order to push the baby to the new world. For new moms, it might even take longer times (Ness, Goldberg and Berghella, 2005 p.211). At this stage, mothers push the baby out through the birth canal to the new world. A caregiver will ask Jane to push the baby.
- Stage 3: Delivery and dealing with the Placenta: It’s the first stage after the baby has been born. After this stage, most females tend to get a greater sense of relief. Some chose to hold the baby close to their arms or in the abdomen. Most parents cherish the moments with the newborn baby. At this stage, a lot is not happening and ladies deliver the placenta. Placenta delivery of the placenta takes between 5 to 30 minutes. At this time, most of the ladies focus always shifts to their babies (Ness, Goldberg and Berghella, 2005 p.215). Caregivers examine the placentas in order to make sure that it is intact and any remaining fragments are removed from the uterus. Caregivers determine the lady needs stitches in her vagina. It marks the last stage of labor which all ladies just like madam Jane should go through
During the process of birth-giving, some complications might happen which can be dangerous to the unborn baby and the mother too. As a result, it is therefore for caregivers to note any possible complications during birth-giving and act on it. Some of the most notable complications which happen during birth-giving include care where labor does not precede, perennial tears, demerits with the umbilical cord, breaking of water in early stages, perinatal asphyxia, and shoulder dislocation among others. Care should be given accordingly to Jane just as it is given to other females who give birth in healthcare facilities.
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When the process of birth goes on smooth, finally a baby is born a fact which took place for Madam Jane. She went through the process of delivery in the right manner and delivered a healthy baby. After delivery, she was transferred together with her baby to the postnatal ward for care. After birth, it is important for the mother and the baby to receive postnatal care and examination in a postnatal care ward as early as possible (Thwaites et al., 2019 p.115). The postnatal ward ensures that the mother receives enough care. During postnatal care, women are given enough guidance on different life issues which are to affect them after they are discharged from the health care facility. Guidance ranges from sex life matters, food and nutrition, taboos, and the relationships between families ((Thwaites et al., 2019 p.117). In a postnatal ward, changes of both the mother and the newborn baby are monitored and any change in them recorded and adjusted accordingly. Additionally, healthcare givers will have to monitor both the psychological and physiological changes which occur within the Puerperium and note them accordingly.
Bibliography
Anand, P., and Nargotra, N., 2017. Primary ovarian pregnancy: histopathology remains the key to confirming diagnosis setting. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6(4), p.1650.
Millar, S.L., and Cameron, S.T., 2018. Comparison of two low-sensitivity urine pregnancy tests for confirming the success of early medical abortion. BMJ sexual & reproductive health, 44(1), pp.54- 57.
Ness, A., Goldberg, J., and Berghella, V., 2005. Abnormalities of the first and second stages of labor. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, 32(2), pp.201-220.
Tarca, A.L., Chaemsaithong, P., Chaiworapongsa, T., Hassan, S.S. and Romero, R., US Department of Health, Human Services (HHS) and Wayne State University, 2018. Kits and methods to distinguish false labor and true labor. U.S. Patent Application 15/773,980, pp.23-34.
Thwaites, A., Logan, L., Nardone, A., and Mann, S., 2019. Immediate postnatal contraception: what women know and think. BMJ sexual & reproductive health, 45(2), pp.111-117.