Musculoskeletal Function
CASE ONE
osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that developed when the cartilage used to cushions and protests one joint wear down over a given period of time. Though the diseases can damage any joint, the disorder mainly affects joint in one spine, hips, knees, and hands. The disease issue is for distinct states, that is, severe, moderate, mild, and more stages. Osteoarthritis differs from osteoarthrosis as the former is an inflammatory disease that affects your while the later is a condition that results in degeneration of the joint (Turkiewicz et al., 2016).
There are many risk factors that can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. In this case, the patient’s gender (Female) and her overweight are known risk factors. Besides these, the patient weight is reported to have increased by 20 pounds in the last nine months alone. Also, she has a family history of the illnesses as several of a family member were diagnosed with the condition in the past (Turkiewicz et al., 2016).
The manaia difference e between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis stem form their causes. The former is an autoimmune disease where the body’s own immune element attacks self-tissues while the latter is due to mechanical tear and wear in the affected joint. Besides these, in Rheumatoid arthritis, the joints are still swollen and painful and affected big joint like the knee joint while in osteoarthritis, they are painful with little or no swelling, small joints are frequently affected.
There are several treatment modalities available. Pharmacological n believe the use of pain killers like NSAIDs and corticosteroids while non-pharmacologic include physiotherapy, exercise, and diet (Turkiewicz et al., 2016).
To handle patient with osteoarthritis, one need to reassure them about the condition; the education will encompass the pathophysiology of the disease, and the treatment modalities available in the market to deal with the illness. I will incorporate an orthopedist in the team of management and recommend arthroplasty to help alleviate symptoms in her most affected joints. Besides these, I will educate her on the importance of losing weight and engaging in health exercised routinely (Turkiewicz et al., 2016).
Case 2
Alzheimer’s disease is an illness that is generally progressive and results in the wastage of brain cells. The common risks factor for the illness included hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and high cholesterol and family history (Liu et al., 2018).
There are several similarities and the differences between Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Frontotemporal dementia. All these conditions result in dementia, which is characterized by aphasia, agnosia, apraxia, disturbances in one’s executive functioning, and memory impairment. In Alzheimer’s disease, there is progressive brain degeneration, in vascular dementia, patients have a focal neurological deficit, and in Dementia with Lewy bodies, there are deposits of a protein called Lewy bodies in one’s nerve cells that innervates region involved in the movement, memory, and thinking. Frontotemporal dementia, on the other hand, is a term that describes brain disorders that affect the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain that are associates with one’s language, behavior, and personality (Liu et al., 2018).
explicit is the memory that one needs to consciously struggle to remember while implicit memory, on the other hand, is ones that one is able to remember effortlessly and unconsciously(Liu et al., 2018).
The new diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease describes three sages of the conditions. This included the preclinical; stage, the Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, and finally, the Alzheimer’s dementia sages, which encompasses the full-blown condition(Liu et al., 2018).
There are several medications today that can be used in the management of Alzheimer’s disease. These include the memantine (NMDA-receptor antagonist) and the cholinesterase inhibitors. The disuse is safe and with valuable symptomatic benefits (Liu et al., 2018).
References
Liu, S., Liu, J., Xiao-Dan, W., Shi, Z., Zhou, Y., Li, J., … & Ji, Y. (2018). Caregiver burden, sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in dementia caregivers: a comparison of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatrics, 30(8), 1131-1138.
Turkiewicz, A., Neogi, T., Björk, J., Peat, G., & Englund, M. (2016). All-cause mortality in the knee and hip osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology, 27(4), 479-485.