Critique of Research Studies Part 3:
Quantitative
Resilience and Associated Factors among Mainland Chinese Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
Results
The results of the study were well presented with the average score for CD-RISC being 60.97 and ranged from 37 to 69. The findings revealed that resilience among women in Mainland Chinese who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer varied with educational level, social support, hope, avoidance, confrontation, family income as well as the period of a person after diagnosis. Nevertheless, resilience was negatively associated with age, acceptance-resignation and BMI of the individual participant. The analysis using multiple stepwise regression revealed that most women were resilient due to hope and had reduced level of resilient when they were confronted. The article has analyzed results comprehensively with the best qualitative analysis methods; thus the results can easily be generalized to another population.
-Data Analysis
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0) was used for data analysis. To make the tests significant, the significance was set at 0.05 or less. When assessing the sample characteristics, descriptive statistics were used which also gave the findings of psychological variables. The first test conducted for each stated variables were Normality and homogeneity. Also, t-test and 1-way analysis of variance was conducted to assess independent variables. Bivariate analysis was also among the analysis methods used to analyze clinical variables and to observe all the changes that occurred due to changes in regression coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was also used to determine the predictors of resilience.
-Reliability and Validity
The tests and methods used in the study were reliable and valid since they were assessed before use. The instruments and methods used during the study were tested for validity and reliability so that they could give expected results. The instruments were suitable for the research and the findings revealed that the research was valid since the results could be generalized to another study.
Discussion
Most patients with breast cancer receive treatment after surgery, and the treatment can have major side effects. Besides the disease itself, breast cancer patients experience psychological distress due to side effects if the medication subjected. The study has clearly described the factors that affect resilience level of these patients. Cancer is a chronic disease that is associated with chronic effects which result in a reduced level of resilience among patients.
-Interpretation of the findings
The findings reveal that the resilience level is affected by various positive and negative factors. Understanding the factors provide researchers with baseline information on how to handle cancer patients to enhance their level of resilience and quick healing. Hope was identified as the most significant predictor of resilience among women with breast cancer. This indicates that when women are guided and given hope of healing, they have increased chances of better health even when with the disease. Treatment is not the only way to improve the well-being of the patients as they require the guidance and management of side effects of treatment for better health outcome.
-Implications/Recommendation
Women with breast cancer require strong family and community support so that they can heal quickly. They should be included in programs that instil hope in them since hope was identified as one of the factors that promote a high level of resilience.
Global Issues
The global issues presented in the article reveal that a patient’s breast cancer and other chronic diseases require proper monitoring and guidance so that they can be hopeful for better treatment outcome. There were no other issues in the article regarding global health since the research was conducted in a healthcare facility in Mainland Chinese.
-presentation
The overall research is well presented with the sections following each other chronologically for easy understanding. Each section presents a different idea, and the whole study have followed a format of research. The presentation enhances easy following and understanding of the main ideas in the study.
-research credibility
The result of the study was credible, and the sample size was well selected to make the findings easily generalizable. The sources used during the research were accurate and well selected making the general research credible.
Summary assessment
The summary of the article is well presented and it majored on the findings of the research. The summary also gave the overall finding of the study regarding women in Mainland Chinese and the findings revealed that they had a lower level of resilience. Most of them lacked hope; thus, they should be enrolled in programs that create hope in them.
Qualitative
Parenting Practices of African Immigrants in Destination Countries: A Qualitative Research Synthesis
Results
The results of the study included the parenting practices of African immigrants while in a destination country. The practices were broadly discussed and included only what was common with all African immigrants. The findings included information about gender differences when parenting is involved. Challenges faced by African immigrants in their destination countries were also identified to be lack of community support, cultural conflict and lack of access to services and other formal support. The results were conclusive and complete and were in line with the objective of the study.
Data analysis
Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and others were analyzed manually. The analysis started with a single case and was followed by analyzing all the other cases as collected from the databases. Analysis was complete, and the results were interpreted based on the analysis of the findings. The analysis was comprehensive, and it captured challenges faced by African immigrants and their practices during parenting; thus it was effective for enabling inductive and deductive reasoning.
Theoretical integrations
The article did not apply any form of theoretical integration since there was no evidence of theory application. Although theories were not used in the study, the study was strong on the findings since it used credible sources of information to support the hypothesis. It had weak results due to lack of supportive theories.
Discussion
African immigrants have a specific way of doing their things when it comes to parenting. They integrate cultural values, physical discipline as well as religious practices when practising parenting skills. They value respect unlike individuals who were in the destination countries, and these differences are the contributing factors of challenges faced by these immigrants during parenting. The discussion also captured information about the experiences of these immigrants while in the destination countries. Therefore, the discussion was strong, and it covered events chronologically to the last.
Interpretation of the Findings
The findings were well interpreted as per the study, and the interpretation was presented in a way that one could easily understand. The results of the study were in line with the objectives, an indication that
Implications/Recommendations
The study identified the need for implementing culturally appropriate policies and practices which will strengthen the African immigrants while in their destination countries. The policies should also cover the needs of these Africans and protect them when addressing their unique practices in the destination world. The article implied that without such policies, African immigrants would continue having challenges while in a destination country.
Global Issues
The global issue reported in the article was the treatment of African immigrants in the destination country. Although this has been an issue, it cannot affect the credibility of the research since it was the main objective of the study.
Presentation
Presentation of information in the article was well arranged. Data collected was presented in graphs and chart. The presentation was visual which enhanced viewing and interpretation of the results. Each section presents a different idea, and the whole study has followed a format of research. The presentation enhances easy following and understanding of the main ideas in the study.
Research Credibility
The research is credible since it used available information from databases. The sources were credible which means, the results of the study can be generalized to another population. Therefore the research was strong enough to be used in future studies.
Summary Assessment
The article summarized the findings by the belief that Africans have a particular way of doing things which should be supported when they are in a destination country. The summary was strong, and it was based on the findings if the research is making the general research credible.