TESTICULAR CANCER
The illness that affects a person in any form is a devastating experience for the family and the person. Currently, chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, testicular cancer and Alzheimer’s disease are prevalent health issues in the world. Globally, testicular cancer is one of the most frequent solid tumours, with an estimated 8,850 new cases in the United States.[1]The focus of this essay is to describe the biological and physiological aspects of testicular cancer, potential chemical treatments, and natural progression of testicular cancer. Also, the essay will focus on the possible outcomes of testicular cancer disease and disease outcome(s).
The biological and physiological aspects of the Testicular Cancer
The biological aspect of the Testicular Cancer is that it is a heterogeneous disease. This disease is attributed to germline pluripotency in which oncogenic mutation occurs over an extended time before and after puberty.[2]Testicular cell tumour derives from aberrant fetal gonocytes causing abnormal genetic growth, after which the aberrant gonocytes gather oncogenic alteration through infancy to teenage and become germ cell neoplasia. Currently, family history is the most risk factor for testicular cancer. Secondly, the physiological aspect of testicular cancer is that it spreads to other body organs through the lymphatic system. For critically ill testicular cancer patients, there is sequential organ failure that impacts the white blood cells count.[3] A high blood cells count causes increase of cancer-related mortality due to inflammation.
Potential chemical treatments and exposure-related illnesses
Chemotherapy is the potential testicular cancer chemical treatment in which drugs re-administered through swallowing the tablets or injected into the vein of the body. The primary goal of the drug is to target any cancer cell in the lymph nodes or any other part of the body. With active surveillance, radiation therapy, and lymph nodes examination treatment, the survival rate of the patients is 97%.[4]However, other health complications arise related to long-term chemotherapy treatment such as pulmonary complications, infertility, cognitive impairment, depression, nephrotoxicity, and persistent fatigue.[5] For example, the chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment damages directly the vascular endothelium, which causes cytotoxicity and later causes vascular dysfunction. Also, the chemo treatment causes rise to cardiovascular disease risk factors such as insulin resistance.
Causes of the potential outcomes of the disease
Testicular cancer disease potential outcomes are either death or recovery based on various factors. Chemo only treats the spread of the disease outside testicle and lowers cancer affecting the body again after testicle removal. Early diagnosis and effective treatment increase the chances of recovery of testicular cancer patients by 97%.[6]Nevertheless, critically ill cancer patients may die without proper intensive care due to massive organs failure.[7] Moreover, due to organs failure and other health-related diseases complications, there arises the limitation of administering the appropriate diagnosis to the patients. Also, the late discovery of testicular cancer may result in death due to the spread of cancer to other organs that cause health complications. Testicular cancer disease is the most curable disease, with a 90% success rate.
In conclusion, testicular cancer is a common solid tumour, and one of the chronic diseases has affected a substantial male population in the world. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are chemical treatment options because testicular cancer cells are targeted to eliminate oncogenic mutated cells. The physiological aspects of the Testicular Cancer are that other health complications develop, such as insulin resistance due to chemotherapy treatment used after cancer spreads to the body through the lymphatic system. The disease is curable but can result in death due to related illness that limits proper diagnosis.
Bibliography
Baird, Drew C., et al. “Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment.” American Family Physician, Vol. 97, issue no. 4, 2018 p.261,https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0215/p261.pdf
Dessavre Mireya Barragán et al. “Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Testicular Cancer.”BioMed Research International, vol. 2017, no. 3702605, 2017 p. 2,doi: 10.1155/2017/3702605
Fung, Chunkit et al. “Toxicities Associated with Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Long-Term Testicular Cancer Survivors.” Advances in Urology, vol. 2018, no. 8671832, 2018 p.1, doi:10.1155/2018/8671832
Pyle, Louise C., and Nathanson, Katherine L. “Genetic Changes Associated with Testicular Cancer Susceptibility.” Author manuscript, vol. 43, issue no.5, 206 p: 575–581,doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.08.004.
Silva Silvio A. Namendys et al. “Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Testicular Cancer.” BioMed Research International, Vol. 2017, no. 3702605, 2017 p.1,doi:10.1155/2017/3702605
[1] Drew C. Baird, et al. “Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment.” American Family Physician, Vol. 97, issue no. 4, 2018 p.261
[2] Louise C. Pyle and Katherine L. Nathanson. “Genetic Changes Associated with Testicular Cancer Susceptibility.” Author manuscript,Vol. 43, issue no.5, 206 p: 575–581.
[3] Mireya Barragán Dessavre et al. “Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Testicular Cancer.”BioMed Research International, vol. 2017, no. 3702605,2017 p. 2
[4] Drew C. Baird, et al. “Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment.” American Family Physician, Vol. 97, issue no. 4, 2018 p.261
[5] Chunkit Fung et al. “Toxicities Associated with Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Long-Term Testicular Cancer Survivors.” Advances in Urology, vol. 2018, no. 8671832,2018 p. 1
[6] Drew C. Baird, et al. “Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment.” American Family Physician, Vol. 97, issue no. 4, 2018 p.261
[7] Silvio A. Namendys Silva et al. “Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Testicular Cancer.” BioMed Research International, Vol. 2017, no. 3702605,2017 p.1