Introduction 200
The construction industry plays a vital role in economic development. With the increase in rapid growth and advanced technologies, the solutions for the problem of construction waste is addressed. The demand for infrastructure, the standard of living and population increase contribute to waste generation. There are serious problems that are depicted with construction waste. Construction waste has led to concern for the surroundings and environment. Construction waste is generally concerned within two groups, such as physical and non-physical waste. Materials waste includes solid waste, while non-physical waste provides time and cost. The purpose of the research proposal is to analyze the problems of construction waste and consider the need for waste management. The research problem is depicted in detail; research objectives are prepared to satisfy research aims. As per the analysis, research questions are framed to which a literature review is conducted that provides a detailed analysis of the research topic.
the rationale of research 100
Research problem 100
Research aim and objectives 200
Aim
Objectives 4-5
Research questions 200
Literature review 1500
Issues on construction waste
Construction waste is a significant problem that is depicted globally to which there is an adverse effect on the economy and project performance. Construction waste consists of two clusters such as physical and non-physical waste to which the organization responds while providing a solution that generates waste management solution. Waste is made in these two forms focusing on the materials, time and cost of the project. Materials waste are considered to be solid construction waste to which the organization relates to concrete leftover, steel crap, debris and other waste. As per the research by —, materials waste broadly impact on the project performance, which is essential to be controlled in an organization. There are significant implications that tend to affect vast quantities of waste to be controlled legally so that it does not impact the environment. Organizations consider illegal dumping which is not acceptable and lead to unlawful activity concerning to environment and legal obligations.
The unethical activity that the organizations perform to control waste that causes environmental issues is not considered. These type of events are adopted by several organizations which contribute to pollution. Countries like Malaysia and Hong Kong are facing the problems of illegal dumping, which has become a severe concern for the country. This means a lack of waste management practices is observed in the construction sites. Although there are policies and regulations about handle waste, Malaysia does not practice for the construction industry. This is the major problem that the country is facing, although there is the Solid Waste Management Act 2007, also known as PPSPPA. The overall authority is in the hands of the Ministry of Works to which environment Quality Act 1974 is managed and governed by the Ministry of Natural resources in terms of the construction industry. The policies and Act mentioned lack the aspects of waste management. Standard specifications are for contractors for construction projects in terms of the public work department. Contractors are provided clauses to be considered on disposed construction waste in approved sites. Pembinaan Malaysia Act 1994 is the scope to manage waste and control pollution for environmental measures. PMA has various functions relating to waste management and waste schedule in construction works. However, it provides power to investigate and inspect the construction sites by investigation officers at any time. The law and enforcement ensure that there is an authority that controls the waste and provides rules considering waste management.
According to a report, the Malaysian government reported 39% of construction waste in Selangor as illegal dumping waste. Therefore, private waste management is signed with a concession agreement. Private companies considered domestic waste, but there is little attention provided to construction waste. Further, it is essential to control the overall aspects in terms of Solid Waste Management. There are guidelines provided by the PMA to which public cleansing corporation ensures sustainable waste management in the future. There is seriousness in terms of handling waste and focusing on growth initiatives to control pollution and engage in environmental measures. National Environment Agency is responsible for construction waste in Singapore and ensures illegal dumping problem. Singapore government provides utmost importance to actions about environment protection. The government legislation has ensured rules and regulations to which penalties are considered with the issue of illegal dumping. There is still the problem of dumping and construction waste that is addressed in Singapore. In remote areas, the problem is moreover endangered in Lim Chu and Neo Road. The government policies are provided to consider as a significant indicator in the construction industry. SGBC is known as Singapore Green Building Council that has established to focus on infrastructure and achieve sustainability in the construction industry. ISO 14000 EMS is upgraded for considering environmental measures by the construction industry. These are some initiatives taken by Singapore country within the problem of illegal dumping in the country.
In a study, the government of Hong Kong faces a similar situation of construction waste. There are several initiatives that the Hong Kong government takes to manage the waste and consider Waste Disposal Ordinance plan. The plan helps to reduce pollution and debris in the country to which it helps to focus on Green management Scheme, Pay for safety, WRFP known as Waste Reduction Framework Plan and Waste Disposal scheme. The waste management initiatives that the government has taken ensure the effective and sustainable condition of the country focusing on waste management and controlling illegal disposal. Then there are Standard Specifications incorporated by the public sector that consists of the Architectural Services Department and Singapore Housing department that has recently revised the significant specifications in terms of environmental issues. There are significant initiatives that have still not satisfied the aims of environmental sustainability in terms of illegal dumping in the country. These issues are on alarming stage when an overall reach of construction waste is not controlled. The problems are highly observed at Long Keng and other sites in remote areas. Tai Lam Country has all the dumping ground when it comes to construction waste being illegally dumped in the country. It includes concrete, debris and rocks in the field. However, it is as essential to control the issue in Hong Kong. Thereby there are significant initiatives for dumping the waste material in the country.
Non-physical waste construction
As a non-physical waste, cost and time are the significant issues in waste management. The construction industry is concerned with the time and cost of the construction project. There is a dilemma that non-physical waste does not damage the project, but it is typically concerned in the construction process. Money and time are the primary concern for project failure. Materials are not physically handled is one issue, but time and money can lead to project failures when not handled appropriately. Currently, the major problem of cost is considered that overrun the extra expense and lead to project failures due to an adequate amount of money spent on the project. Poor financial management is one such reason in the construction industry to which wrong construction and delays lead to project failure. There is dissatisfaction in terms of buyers paying attention to buy the homes. However, it leads to a significant problem of building a relationship with buyers and developers that becomes a significant concern. The situation is not considerate and results in unhealthy decisions. Purchasing power decreases to which non-physical waste impacts the social and economic development of the country. There was a loss of 1 2,000 units that included more than 30 projects in Malaysia led to the abandonment.
Sustainable waste management
Construction waste is considered to be a global issue that needs sustainable measures to be taken by the government to pay attention to construction waste management. One such practical way to control construction waste is the adoption of durable construction in the construction criteria. It is a stepwise process to consider and achieve the results of waste management. It is even known as a waste management hierarchy to which it includes prevention, recycle, reuse and disposal of construction wastes. There are six steps considered in waste management to which recommended measures are discussed, and effective change is applied from a desirable level of preventing priority steps. The following steps are found in waste management process such as prevention, minimization, reuse, recycle, recovery and disposal. The challenges can be tackled while focusing on these steps. Prevention is referred to as the condition that seems to be an affordable way to manage the problem. The need for sustainability will be handled in terms of the construction site. Technical information can be tackled, and issues can be achieved during the design stage. During this time in Malaysia, the technique used as a prevention technique is prefabrication technique that helps in preventing waste materials in the design stage. It is essential to consider the prevention of waste in the construction process to which communication and coordination are required in the construction process. Lack of communication may lead to a situation of misunderstanding, which automatically leads to more waste materials in the construction site.
Minimization is the term used for reduction in an excellent way. It is essential to manage the construction waste to which reclamation sites may provide the advantage of considering inspection in construction sites. To reduce construction cost is again a critical way to manage waste which helps to minimize the project consideration and ensure optimum utilization of resources. Germany is using advanced technology to which reuse of waste materials is advisable. Hong Kong uses on-site inert at the site to promote the new approach of reuse in the construction industry. The trip ticket is again used encouraged by the Hong Kong Government in which it helps to separate waste that can be used in construction sites still. Recycling waste is another step for sustainable waste management while building infrastructure and buildings. Hong Kong and Germany are using the recycling process to reduce waste in landfills. Lightweight raw material leads to the commitment of considering economical development of the country. Recycling is geared to consider environmental measures while focusing on using materials that can be recycled. Recovery is the stage at which waste management can be regarded as with the removal of materials from waste in similar instances. Disposal stage is the only option when materials cannot be used again or recycled. Direct disposal of waste is considered in Malaysia in 289 landfills to which it is a strong influence that disposal of waste is an ongoing activity. Promotion of recycling waste is advisable by PPSPPA and CIDB in Malaysia to reduce the disposal of waste. However, the disposal method is not a considerable method as the sustainable method is to recycle and reduce waste management in the construction industry.