Research Methods and Design I – Individual Assignment #13 (Part I)

Research Methods and Design I – Individual Assignment #13 (Part I) – Three’s A Crowd

This group assignment is related to your Chapter 13 (Salkind) material.

Instructions: There is some evidence that high school students justify cheating in class on the basis of poor teacher skills or low levels of teacher caring (Murdock, Miller, & Kohlhardt, 2004). Students appear to rationalize their illicit behavior based on perceptions of how there teacher view cheating. Poor teachers are thought not to know or care whether students cheats, so cheating in their classes is okay. Good teachers, on the other hand, do care and alert to cheating, so students tend not to cheat in their classes. Following are hypothetical data similar to the actual research results. The scores represent judgements of the acceptability of cheating for students under instruction of poor teacher, average teacher, and good teacher (scores can range from 0 to 100, where 100 represents the greatest amount of acceptability of cheating). Using the data below for 10 students in each condition, calculate the F value and determine if it is significant. Make sure to complete the eight steps for research noted in your Salkind textbook. Finally, write up the findings as you would see it in an APA empirical journal article (if significant, you would normally need to run a post hoc test. However, you can just provide the means and eyeball them to see which, if any, teacher caring leads to less acceptability of cheating).

As you work on this problem, go through the each of the eight steps for research noted in your Salkind textbook again. This is a tough assignment, so I will give you the means and SDs for the first two (find the good teacher mean and SD on your own):

Teacher	Poor Teacher	Average Teacher	Good Teacher
	54	46	36
	41	32	45
	35	27	34
	47	45	43
	43	36	19
	50	42	42
	64	58	29
	48	38	48
	63	54	38
	37	22	33
Mean	48.20	40.00
Standard Deviation	9.92	11.36

As you work on this problem, make sure to provide information for each of the 8 steps we cover in Chapter 13 (Salkind).

State the null and alternative hypotheses

Tell me your level of risk

Determine the best statistical test to use

Compute the test statistic. I’ll even give you the table to use!

	Poor Teacher	X²	Average Teacher	X²	Good Teacher	X²
	54		46		36
	41		32		45
	35		27		34
	47		45		43
	43		36		19
	50		42		42
	64		58		29
	48		38		48
	63		54		38
	37		22		33
n							N
ΣX							ΣΣX
M							(ΣΣX)²/N
Σ(X²)							ΣΣ(X²)
(ΣX)²/n							Σ(ΣX)²/n

SS Between = Σ(ΣX)²/n – (ΣΣX)²/N

SS Within = ΣΣ(X²) – Σ(ΣX)²/n

SS Total = ΣΣ(X²) – (ΣΣX)²/N = SS Between + SS Within

Mean Sum of Squares (between) = [Σ(ΣX)²/n – (ΣΣX)²/N]/k -1

Mean Sum of Squares (within) = [ΣΣ(X²) – Σ(ΣX)²/n]/N – k

F = MS Between / MS Within

THE TABLE ON THE NEXT PAGE (THE STANDARD DEVIATION CHART) CAN HELP YOU AS WELL.

Here’s a table you can use for the SD calculation! As promised, I did the first two groups for you, but you need to do the Good Teacher group.

	Poor Teacher	X – M	(X – M)²	Average Teacher	X – M	(X – M)²	Good Teacher	X – M	(X – M)²
	54	5.80	33.64	46	6.00	36	36
	41	-7.20	51.84	32	-8.00	64	45
	35	-13.20	174.24	27	-13.00	169	34
	47	-1.20	1.44	45	5.00	25	43
	43	-5.20	27.04	36	-4.00	16	19
	50	1.80	3.24	42	2.00	4	42
	64	15.80	249.64	58	18.00	324	29
	48	-0.20	0.04	38	-2.00	4	48
	63	14.80	219.04	54	14.00	196	38
	37	-11.20	125.44	22	-18.00	324	33

M =	48.20			40.00
n – 1	9			9
∑ (X – M)²/ n – 1	885.6 / (10 – 1) = 98.4			1162 / (10 – 1) = 129.11
SD (√ )	9.92			11.36

Determine the value needed to reject the null hypothesis. Remember to calculate the correct degrees of freedom before finding the critical F-value!

Compare the obtained and critical value

Decide whether you will retain the null hypothesis or …

Decide whether you will reject the null hypothesis

Finally, write up your results as you would see it in a results section of an empirical research paper. Make sure to include the means and SDs for all three conditions. If significant, note that a post hoc test would be needed to see which means differ, but you do not have to run actual post hoc tests for this discussion. You can just provide the means and eyeball them to see which, if any, teacher’s caring leads to less acceptability of cheating.

Research Methods and Design I – Individual Assignment #13 (Part I) – Three’s A Crowd

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