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Cloud Seeding: An Annotated Bibliography
Fajardo, C., et al. “Potential Risk of Acute Toxicity Induced by AgI Cloud Seeding on Soil and Freshwater Biota.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 133, Nov. 2016, pp 433-441. EBSCOhost, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.028.
The literary work explains `the probable risk of extreme toxicity that is brought about by AgI cloud seeding on freshwater biota and soil. It is demonstrated that silver iodides are among the most used nucleation substances that are integrated into cloud seeding. The primary aim of the research paper by Fajardo et al. is to examine the risk of extreme toxicity that is caused by Silver iodide. The experiment is done under laboratory settings for the absorption expected in the environment. The investigation involves repetitive treatments on aquatic biota and specially selected soils. The main results suggest that Silver Iodide from cloud seeding may relatively have an impact on the biota living in both marine and terrestrial systems. This research is essential in our study, as it shows the implications of cloud seeding.
Oksazian, Vahe. “Return of the Rainmaker.” Natural History, vol. 127, no. 6 June 2019, p. 36.
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Oksazian presents the issue of drought in California, both in the past and in the present. As a result of the short water supply, both the residents and the meteorological specialists in the area sought to curb the water shortage by coming up with alternatives to the water supply. The increasing water shortages and requirements made them seek the aid of the rainmakers. One of the rainmakers called Jewell, had a method included releasing gases into the air, to expand and release freezing temperatures that were above 45 degrees. Jewell’s process unfortunately failed due to some unknown circumstances. Another rainmaker, Hartfield, was realized; and he was successful in making the rain. However, modern technology led to the discovery of cloud seeding as a way of rainmaking. It is explained that silver iodide is suitable for cloud seeding as it has a crystal structure, resembling that of ice hence can act as a condenser of water vapor in the clouds, thus forming water droplets which may eventually lead to rainfall. This article is essential as it shows how cloud seeding is used to make rain, and how it could still be used in the future to curb drought in California.
Storelvmo, T, et al. “Cirrus Cloud Seeding: A Climate Engineering Mechanism with Reduced Side Effect?” Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science, vol. 372, no. 2031, 2014, p. 1. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.24505825&site=eds-live&scope=site.
The publication explains more on cirrus cloud seeding in relation to climate engineering; which is an intended alteration of the earth’s climate. The Cirrus clouds seeding has been proposed as one of the measures of enhancing the earth’s climate. It is explained that cloud seeding of the cirrus clouds helps in decreasing the lifetime of cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere; and thus, their greenhouse impact. The intention of cirrus cloud seeding is not to reduce the quantity of solar radiation that reaches the earth’s surface. This reading is essential as it explains that cloud seeding focuses on the greenhouse impact, by decreasing the holding of infrared rays by clouds in the higher troposphere.
William, Jack. “Harnessing Mother Nature: The Storied History of Hurricane Control and Cloud Seeding.” Weather-wise, vol. 70, no. 5, Sept. 2017, p. 25. EBSCOhost, doi: 10.1080/0043 1672.2017.1346433.
William explains the concept of how human beings were empowered to control weather scientifically. He explains that hurricanes were the most easily controlled by scientific means. The Project Storm Fury is mentioned as one of the experiments whose hypothesis was that cloud seeding early rains with Silver iodide would make extremely cooled water to change into Ice. He showcases that it is hard to control hurricanes, and the experiments may actually make the hurricanes stronger.
Works Cited
Fajardo, C., et al. “Potential Risk of Acute Toxicity Induced by AgI Cloud Seeding on Soil and Freshwater Biota.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 133, Nov. 2016, pp 433-441. EBSCOhost, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.028.
Keyes Jr, Conrad G., et al. “Guidelines for cloud seeding to augment precipitation.” Guidelines for cloud seeding to augment precipitation. Ed. 3, (2016).
Storelvmo, T, et al. “Cirrus Cloud Seeding: A Climate Engineering Mechanism with Reduced Side Effect?” Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science, vol. 372, no. 2031, 2014, p. 1. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.24505825&site=eds-live&scope=site.
William, Jack. “Harnessing Mother Nature: The Storied History of Hurricane Control and Cloud Seeding.” Weather-wise, vol. 70, no. 5, Sept. 2017, p. 25. EBSCOhost, doi: 10.1080/0043 1672.2017.1346433.