Chapter 2 Outline: Foundations of Criminal Justice
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Chapter 2 Outline: Foundations of Criminal Justice
Introduction- and overview of the chapter and linking it to the other chapters.
Foundations of social sciences explain the social scientific inquiry and generation of knowledge through the logic observation. The fundamental issues that are distinguishing the social sciences from other social phenomena. They include:
- Theory, not philosophy or belief- social sciences cannot determine whether the elected prosecutor is better than the other officials.
- Regularities- explains on the patterns on the regularities on social life.
- Exceptions- outlining the exceptions in the social regularity.
- Explanation of the aggregate social patterns and differences with individuals.
- Variable language.
- Variables and attributes- a study on the variables and characteristics that compose of them.
- Variables and relationships-the part address the nature of the relationships between variables.
Differing avenues on the inquiry- elaboration of the distinction that underlies the variations of the social sciences, including idiographic nomothetic explanations, inductive and deductive reasoning, and quantitative and qualitative data.
Theory 101- definition, objectivity and subjectivity, hypothesis, paradigms.
The traditional model of science- conceptualization, operationalization, and observation.
An inductive illustration- crime concentration, inductive theory in practice.
Theory, research, and public policy- criminology evolution; ecological theory and crime prevention.
References
Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2014). Research methods for criminal justice and criminology. Cengage Learning.