Global Governance
Introduction
At first, global governance is very crucial in the enhancement of people’s human rights. The constructivists argue that the worldwide governance future relies on the identities and ideas that constitute it, while the liberalist view focuses on the gradual advance of representative institutions. Besides, the critical theory perspective on global governance is a type of elite hegemony that is not desired and must; therefore, it should get resisted. On the other hand, the realist view recognizes the existence of several strands of global governance but is less optimistic that it represents something novel. The paper will examine the threat of the United Nations and the Woods System resulting from the deviation of human rights actions by the great power state, that is, the United States.
Institutional System Danger based on US Actions
In the 21st century, the international system based on the institutional construct of the United Nations and the Woods system is in danger from the United actions in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria. Firstly, the Woods system focused on ensuring financial stability in counties, including the developing countries. On the other hand, the UN deals with economic and social development, collective security, human rights, and international law (Ocampo, 2018). The United Nations should maintain peacekeeping and eliminate terrorism activities. Under extreme conditions, the Un need to intervene in the sovereign state’s affairs to ensure the prevalence of security and peace. On the issue of the Economic and Social welfare, the UN should provide a financial enhancement in countries facing national disasters. However, the United Nations seems to face threats from the United Nations (NAU, n.d). Since the US are the greatest financiers, the realist asks who provides oversight over the UN? Besides, the liberalist urge for the accountability structural reforms through the involvement of multilateral participation and consent ensures that the UN’s welfare does not become threatened by the superpower countries. At the same time, the constructivist’s outcry of the weaknesses of international norms the behavior of the civil servants, like corruption and lacking fair-mindedness in the cases forwarded to them (NAU, n.d). Due to that, the United Nations in the 21st century needs reformation in coping with new threats like WMDs and terrorism, state collapse, and becoming severe on spearheading human rights. Besides, it needs to trim down the bureaucracy and expand its security council to ensure no human rights interference from the US.
In the 21st century, we still experience other Bretton Woods moment. The primary function of the Bretton woods function was to maintain international economic stability and employment, but not spearhead capital or financial market liberalization or enhance declining fiscal policy during a recession or depression period. Even though liberalization escalates growth, it leads to escalated instabilities, with the global financial system working against the developing countries (Brown, 2016). The United States has led to the cutting of the aid to support the vulnerable people in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, and Libya. As such, the people in those counties continue to face food insecurities, among other issues. Besides, those countries, despite having the current financial institutions, like the International monetary fund, they do not form any decision, but focuses on the decisions of the United States (NAU, n.d). Such measures continue to exuberate poverty in countries facing civil war and terrorism. Besides, in 1971, the Bretton woods came to an end after the US termination of convertibility of the dollar to goals, devaluation of its currency, and the imposition of first peacetime wage and price controls. In the 21st century, the institutions continue to face challenges due to the US’s actions in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, and Libya. It has lead to an increase in unequal debt distribution, resource stress, currency instability, and emerging trade protectionism. Therefore, the current IMF fails to protect those countries’ banks, reassuring big investors, and stabilizing credit markets due to the United States interference of the financial markets. Besides, the United Nations needs to adopt its forum on the building agreement based on the new commercial architecture. Currently, measures like the adoption of G-192 by engaging all the entire countries to ensure that they continue to support the countries facing internal war (Brown, 2016). To avoid such threats, the United Nations also need to engender a new monetary diplomacy regime to incorporate the international community in identifying and sharing the best practices into relationships linking finance, development, and innovation. The US and the UN, among other international institutions, need to engage with highlighted countries’ central banks to ensure the growth of such countries.
The actions of the United States’ efforts in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, and Libya threatens the foundation of the United Nations regarding governance and human rights. The United Nations have set restrictions on the highlighted countries, making it for the United Nations to spearhead for human rights. Due to such, the arising conflicts result in torture, property destruction, exile, immigration, death, and inequality to people. As such, the United Nations fails to intervene for the human rights agenda. There lacks mutual spearheading for the justice, inclusiveness, and fairness in the United Nations mandate of ensuring that people have the right (NAU, n.d). The US military restrictions in such countries continue to escalate human trafficking, immigration, kidnapping, assassinations, indiscriminate use of explosive ordinance, abuses in detention centers, and human rights abuses (Ocampo, 2018). Due to the US actions, such activities put the various international institutional, like the UN security council, on trial on not ensuring collective security for the protection of human rights. Such issues lead to the question of the institutional oversight of the said international system regarding global governance (Brown, 2016). In the 21st century, despite the enaction of the primary measures, UN sustainable development goals, the actions of the US continues to impact the UN. Such phenomena lead to poverty increment, lack of job employment, lack of clean water and food, and other issues concerning human rights.
Conclusion
Regarding global governance, the international system based on the institutional construct of the United Nations and the Woods system is in danger from the United actions in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria. There is a massive failure to intervene for human rights in the countries facing war resulting from human trafficking, immigration, kidnapping, assassinations, indiscriminate use of explosive ordinance, and abuses in detention centers. Besides, the lack of integration of the central banks by the constructed Woods system has increased unequal debt distribution, resource stress, currency instability, and emerging trade protectionism. Such measures put in danger on the questioning the credibility of such international systems, primarily in the countries facing financial crisis and deterioration of human rights due to the civil wars.
References
Brown, G. (2016). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 21st century. Open Book Publishers.
NAU. (n.d).Chapter 16: Global Governance 489-513
Ocampo, J. A. (2018). Global economic and social governance and the United Nations system. Just Security in an Undergoverned World, 265.