Environmental Protection
Introduction
The economic activities in the global market industry have increased the events that are becoming a threat to environmental protection. The problems facing environmental protection and the major causes of environmental degradation are coined to business and human activities. For instance, air pollution, deforestation, fishing acts, and emission of greenhouse gases have increased the adverse effects of climate change and environmental degradation. These effects have changed the perspectives of economic force stakeholders in changing the narrative of protecting the environment. The approach to protecting the environment should be collective and collaborative (Dubina & Carayannis, 2015). The use of game theories and mathematical models has played a significant role in enhancing the procedures for protecting the environment. The game theories are designed to involve collaboration from different stakeholders in promoting environmental conditions. Therefore, the focus will be based on the evaluation of the role and importance of game theories in the protection of the environment and the regulation of emitters in the communities.
The need for Game Theory in Environmental Protection
The universal environment is of great concern for global policymakers and the governments in preventing global warming or environmental degradation. The procedures of protecting the environment begin with the policymakers as they tend to implement laws and regulations that are effective in environmental protection. The adversity of environmental degradation has increased the cases of droughts, famine, acidic rains, deforestation, and extinction of various species, chronic diseases due to air pollution, floods, and global warming (Frank & Sarkar, 2010). These problems are preventable if countries and policymakers within the world collaborate to find log-lasting solutions. Collaboration and coordination would be useful if the governmental stakeholders and policymakers are willing to share ideas and impose restrictions and fines on the perpetrators of environmental degradation. For example, imposing fines on the lawbreakers will help in reducing the cases of environmental degradation and pollution. The penalties are considered as compensation and the costs of environmental protection (Dubina & Carayannis, 2015). The nations that pay for the fines carry the burden of protecting the environment; hence, portraying the need for a game theory that has been practical in environmental protection.
Game theory and Mathematical Models
Game theory is a tool that has been tested and validated in environmental economics. The game theory is coined to the assumptions and regulations made by environmental protection stakeholders. For example, the rules can involve the aspects of preventing a nation or a company from the emission of greenhouse gases to the environment. The violation of the regulations could attract penalties, whereby the cost paid is used to mitigate the consequences of the greenhouse emission (Jaoua, 2019). Game theory has connected the question of who pays for the costs of reducing climate change. The perpetrators of environmental pollution are punished heavily by their counterparts, depending on the terms of an agreement. The game theory, therefore, illustrates the efforts of collaboration and interaction between nations or government bodies to prevent environmental degradation. For instance, game theory has been utilized in various institutions across the globe. Rio de Janeiro was among the nations that had applied the Game Theory in enhancing the protection of biodiversity (Schuller, Stankova, & Thuijsman, 2017). The program introduced aimed at preventing and protecting future implications of the lost marine species, agriculture improvement, and the protection of the forests. The ideas were coined to the prevention of excessive fishing activities, prevention of deforestation, and reduction of emission of acidic gases that increased the acid rains in the regions (Frank & Sarkar, 2010). Also, the game theory has been considered in government policies as it was useful in the development and implementation of the Clean Air Act in 1990. The law helped in imposing regulations on companies that were subject to environmental degradation through air pollution. The violation of the law attracted hefty fines from the government as well as the cancellation of industrial licenses, which were effective in preventing air pollution from companies and business corporations.
Similarly, game theory and mathematical modeling have been implemented in setting standards and regulations in the curbing air pollution of transportation in Malaysia. The process involved the evaluation of the impacts of air pollution caused by the transport system in the environment (Jaoua, 2019). The assessment of the implication of air pollution in Malaysia was evaluated based on the consequences of environmental degradation and the costs associated with pollution. For example, the country had experienced an increased rate of chronic breathing conditions, which were linked to the increased release of carbon in the air. The healthcare costs associated with the breathing conditions were seen as the payoffs and the consequences of bad decisions in environmental protection (Schuller, Stankova, & Thuijsman, 2017). The coalitions and the decisions of mitigating the transport system in reducing air pollution were deemed competent in the prevention of more damage to the citizens. The mathematical modeling helped in shaping a way for the future prevention of air pollution as well as the management of the transport system in reducing the adverse effects on the environment.
The game theory has further been implemented in the protection of water resources. The initiative of protecting water resources is coined to the assumption that water is a common pool resource that attracts the attention of many users around the globe. Water has many functions, such as domestic use, fishing, hydropower purposes, and irrigation (Dinar & Hogarth, 2015). The idea of protecting the common pool resource is crucial in preventing water pollution, which would affect the lives of the communities living downstream or the marine species. The game theory has helped in preventing companies and big corporations from taking advantage of the natural resources to manipulate the minority users. The violators of the common pool resource regulations are faced with hefty fines and penalties, which are used to enhance the process of protecting the environmental conditions. Also, mathematical models have been used in forecasting the implications of environmental degradation on the health of the public. The incidence was evident in Bulgaria as health experts and environmental analysts engaged in finding the causes of the increased rates of mobility linked to chronic health problems (Platikanova, Hristova, & Milcheva, 2018). The scenario created a test of evaluating the causes of the health problems, the annual prevalence of emission of atmospheric pollutants, and the number of visits to a specific hospital facility due to cases of breathing problems. The cases reported had increased, and the rate of annual concentrations of atmospheric pollutants has also escalated. The findings indicated that people are on the verge of getting sick if the companies producing excess and unregulated gas pollutants will not be regulated (Platikanova, Hristova, & Milcheva, 2018). The outcomes of the mathematical model helped in understanding the implications of industrial activities on the health of the communities.
Conclusion
The approach of protecting the universal environment should be a concern of the global nations and the powers of the law. Environmental protection is a worldwide concern that should be enhanced with great caution in preventing the adverse effects of environmental pollution. Game theories and mathematical models have been useful tools in strengthening the fights against pollution. The game theory and models have involved the aspects of implementing regulations that prevent environmental degradation, and the violators of the laws are faced with fines and penalties. The penalties are deemed as the costs of catering to the adverse effects of environmental pollution. Therefore, the game theories and mathematical models have been implemented in various scenarios and have helped in shaping the future of environmental protection and the prevention of pollution across the globe.