Coral reefs are layers of calcium carbonate secreted by small animals called polyps. The formation of a coral reef is a gradual process that takes years. These reefs are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on earth, consisting of fish, corals, sharks, sea turtles, and many more forms of sea life. Consequently, there is a significant competition of resources like space, food, and sunlight on this ecosystem. The average salinity of a coral reef is 32 and 40 PSU, but they can survive in lower or higher salinity conditions. Generally, coral reefs thrive in temperatures of between 18 and 30 degrees Celsius. Water currents are essential, but they should not be too intense, or else they inhibit reef formation.
Humans are a danger to coral reefs through water pollution, overfishing, and harvesting reefs for aesthetic purposes. The nature of pollutants either reduces the life in the coral reefs or accelerates the growth of algae and other orgasms that smother the corals. Humans should recognize the value of this aquatic life and take protective measures.