Cardiovascular Disorders
- Processes
Hypertension is also referred to as high blood pressure, and it is divided into four processes. The categories are normal, prehypertension, stage one, and stage two consecutively. Treatment of the condition depends on the level of the disease. It is important to note that high blood pressure has no symptoms, and one must undergo tests to confirm it. In the normal stage, the systolic and diastolic are less than 120/80 mm Hg. At this level, there is no required treatment, but monitoring is essential to ensure the blood pressure remains in the healthy range. In prehypertension stage, the systolic and diastolic is between 120/80 mm Hg and 139/89 mm Hg. This measure is beyond the healthy level and shows that the patient is at a highs risk of developing hypertension. This level is high, but no treatment is necessary for this stage. However, the patient is recommended to eat healthily as prescribed by the doctor and exercise. The third process is stage one. In this process, the patient’s systolic and diastolic measures 140/90 mm Hg to 159/ mm Hg. This level is considered to be mild hypertension. The patient, therefore, at a high risk of stroke, death, and related heart problems. In this level, the patient is put under the medication and a strict diet to lower the blood pressure.
The final process is stage two, in which the systolic and diastolic measures 160/100 mm Hg or higher. The patient is also at a very high risk of heart-related problems and requires urgent medication and a complete change of diet (Auer et al., 2017). In this case, the patient’s systolic and diastolic measures 180/110 mm Hg. Under the processes of hypertension, the patient is at stage 2, which is classified as severe hypertension. The patient, therefore, requires medication and change of diet to lower her blood pressure. Also, a diet that the patient is to follow should be recommended and physical exercise. The patient is under a high risk of heart-related complications, stroke, and even death. Also, at this level, the patient should be monitored regularly to ensure they are kept under control.
- Treatment Plan Optimization
Considering the patient has diabetes, this means she is at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the first thing is to ensure the patient’s blood pressure goes below 130/80 mm Hg. This measure will ensure the patient’s risk of developing cardiovascular disorders will be minimum. The second measure is to provide the patient with co-operates with the medical personnel in the intervention plan. This step is essential since the patient plays a primary role in this process. That is medication, visiting the clinic, regularly, exercising, and eating healthy. The process is easy, and the time taken depends on the patient’s cooperation.
Also, a patient describes the underlying conditions, and medical history helps in deciding the treatments to apply. The patient, in this case, has type two diabetes. This type of diabetes has cardio-metabolic hypertension as one of the risk factors (American Heart Association, 2017). Therefore the patient’s history will help determine the type of hypertension the patient is suffering from. This treatment plan is in line with the American College of Cardiology guidelines. The article contains instructions on age, stage of the disease, and the patient weight.
- Treatment Plan
The patient’s condition has to be managed in terms of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and body mass index. The patient can, therefore, be put under the cardiometabolic care program. The patient has a Body mass index of 27, which indicates that she is overweight (Sharma et al., Sharma). Therefore the treatment plan should incorporate exercise and physical activity at a healthy level. The clinic’s exercise expert should recommend this process, and physiotherapist guidance to conduct the procedure. This plan will help in ensuring the patient is not put under any cardiac stress. The second part of the plan is nutrition, where the patient has to be told on the necessary health diets. Therefore a nutritionist can be recommended or foods to avoid or lower intake should be advised on at the clinic. The final steps are a follow-up procedure where the patient’s next visit will be scheduled. During the clinical visits, it helps keep track of the patient’s progress. If the patient’s condition improves, fewer clinical visits and medication may be recommended. Also, the treatment will be aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders.
- Treatment Plan is chosen
- Reduce fats and salt in foods and instead take more of a healthy heart diet, which includes a lot of fruits and vegetables.
- Regular exercise to keep the body active
- Thiazide medication which assists the body in removing water and sodium from the body and hence reduce blood volume in the body.
- Tiazac is a calcium blocker. The medication helps in blood vessel muscle relaxation.
- Cozaar medication which is Angiotensin II receptor blockers. The drug relaxes blood vessels and prevents the formation of chemicals that cause narrowing of the blood vessels.
- Use of beta-blockers, which lower the heart’s workload and open the blood vessels.
5) Inter-disciplinary team
In the treatment of hypertension, different medical experts are involved. Some of them are a cardiologist, nutritionist, physical exercise expert, and a psychologist. One of the most important team players in the treatment of high blood pressure is the cardiologist. The specialist will help ensure the patient heart remains under control. That is, the risk factors resulting from high blood pressure are prevented. A nutritionist is essential in maintaining the patient manage her diet and change any unhealthy foods. A nutritionist will, therefore, improve the patient to adopt a healthy diet according to her budget, advice on the amount of calorie intake, fruits, and vegetables. Finally, the patient should see a physical exercise specialist. The specialist will help the patient manage their physical work out procedure. That is, the patient will be directed to appropriate exercises. Also, what to refrain from preventing any cardio stress. The team has to work hand in hand with the patient to ensure the blood pressure reduces to below 130/80 mm Hg.
6) Nonpharmacological education.
Hypertension management requires a lot of effort from the patient to ensure it is successful. Therefore, the patient has to be educated on how to manage the condition. High blood pressure treatment comprises both medication and a healthy lifestyle (Stafford, 2018). One of the essential methods of managing the situation is a cardio-healthy diet. The patient has to lower the intake of salt and fats in all the foods she consumes. This ensures the patient’s blood vessels remain free from pressure, and hence the heart is not overworked. The other measure put in place is reducing stress through meditation, yoga, and relaxing. These measures ensure blood pressure does not elevate due to elevated mental function. The other action is regular healthy exercise procedures. Daily healthy work out procedure ensures the body remains active, dispenses any fat clogging blood vessels, and prevent any blocking of the vessels.
. 7) Health maintenance
To maintain the optimized health standards, the patient is required to change their lifestyle from a carefree one to a healthy one. One important measure is regular checkups. The patient should visit the clinic at least once a week to ensure her condition is monitored and progress recorded (Eisenberg et al., 2017). This procedure is essential since if the current treatment is not working, the clinic needs to issue another treatment procedure to deal with the condition. The third recommendation is the reduction of harmful drugs and alcohol intake. Drugs and alcohol are great contributors to high blood pressure. Therefore a patient suffering from hypertension should refrain from these substances to attain the optimized health standards. Finally, the patient should follow the doctor’s guidelines to the letter. That includes regular recommended exercise, a cardio-healthy diet, and prescribed medication appropriately. Following these guidelines will ensure the patient recovers with the minimum time possible. Also, the patient will be at a lower risk of developing cardiovascular-related problems.
References
Auer, J., Sharman, J. E., & Weber, T. (2018). J-curves in hypertension: what do they tell us about the treatment of high blood pressure?. European heart journal. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy337/25682579/ehy337.pdf
Stafford, R. S. (2018). New high blood pressure guidelines: back on track with lower treatment goals, but implementation challenges abound.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379718317185
Eisenberg, T., Abdellatif, M., Zimmermann, A., Schroeder, S., Pendl, T., Harger, A. & Ruckenstuhl, C. (2017). Dietary spermidine for lowering high blood pressure. Autophagy, 13(4), 767-769.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15548627.2017.1280225
American Heart Association. (2017). What Is High Blood Pressure?. South Carolina State Documents Depository.
Sharma, S. R., Mishra, S. R., Wagle, K., Page, R., Matheson, A., Lambrick, D., & Vaidya, A. (2017). Social determinants of common metabolic risk factors (high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high body mass index, and high waist-hip ratio) of major non-communicable diseases in South Asia region: a systematic review protocol. Systematic reviews, 6(1), 183.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13643-017-0576-6
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., & MacLaughlin, E. J. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(19), e127-e248. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2017/11/09/11/41/2017-guideline-for-high-blood-pressure-in-adults