Brexit is the term that defines leaving the European Union by the United Kingdom. In the year 2016 UK referendum carried out in which 52% member voted in favour of the UK while 48%voted to remain a member of EU (bbc, 2020). It has been identified that this withdrawal was scheduled in March 2019 but further delayed due to parliamentary votes. In addition to this, negotiations carried out at the time of dealing in trade with the EU that has proceeded for several months. Apart from this, the level playing field is the concept that defines the agreement between two parties for extending the transition period. The report emphasized the history of the EU and challenges that the UK faced when it was a member of the EU. Furthermore, it includes a Brexit impact on the UK and other nations.
Analysis
European Union history
EU is considered as an economic and political union that consists of 27 member states which are located in Europe. The estimated population is around 447 million. The policies under EU aim in providing free movement of goods and services in the internal market that are abiding by certain legislation and home affairs for maintaining common policies at the time of carrying out trade in the country. It has been evaluated that passport controls are abolished while travelling member countries of Europe. There are different visionary leaders that inspired the creation of the EU. It can be said that if EU pioneers are not working with energy, then stability cannot be granted in the country.
EU pioneers have a varied group of people that has the same ideals, such as from fighters to lawyers and various parliamentarians. Between 1945 to 1959 EU aims in ending wars between neighbors that arise at the time of the Second World War. In the year 1950, Steel Community and European Coal emphasize on uniting European countries for the purpose to secure peace in the countries. In addition to this, cold war occurs between east and west (Europa, 2020). Further, in 1956 protest rise by Hungary against the communist regime and after it in 1957 Treaty of Rome develops the European Economic Community (EEC). Apart from this, it has been analyzed that period between 1960-1969 is a period of economic growth as the EU not charging custom duties while making a trade with other countries.
Moreover, joint control over food production is carried out that aims in providing food to everyone in the country. In addition to this, 1970- 79 is considered a period of enlargement in the community by reducing crisis and economic problems in Europe. Regional policy of EU aims in transferring money for the purpose to create jobs and providing good infrastructure to poor people in the country. In 1979, the European parliament enhanced its impact on EU affairs as all citizens can be able to elect their members directly. In addition to this, the EU adopts different laws from protecting the environment.
In addition to this, 1980-1989 is considered as the changing face of Europe because of major change in political upheaval as the Berlin wall falls down and further the border between was and East Germany that is opened after 28 years for the first time. This supports enhancing the reunification of Germany. Further, in 1990-1999 there is collapsed of communism across Eastern Europe and central so due to this Europeans become neighbors. In the year 1990 two treaties occurred such as the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Amsterdam. In 1995, the EU also gained three more member countries that involve Finland, Austria and Sweden.
Further, in the year 2000, Europeans adopt a new currency named as Euro. In this phase, most of the countries adopt the euro as its currency. In 2001 ‘war of terror’ was hijacked into the buildings in Washington and New York. In addition to this, political divisions arise between the west and east Europe. Further, in 2008 the financial crisis came that hits the global economy of the country. Here, the Treaty of Lisbon is carried out by EU countries before entering into existence in 2009. This supports in providing a more efficient method of working to the country. After that era of 2010-19 is a challenging decade for Europe.
EU supports various countries for confronting it with difficulties and further establish a banking Union that ensure reliable banks in the country. In the year 2012, EU is awarded the Noble Peace Prize, and after one year Croatia becomes 28th member. Further, in 2014 European elections are held, and in the European parliament, Eurosceptics was elected.
Issues faced by the UK as a member under the European Union
There are different issues that the UK faced at the time when it was a member of the EU as a political agreement is one of the issues that create financial obligations between the UK and EU. So, this influence the economic growth of the country and trade services also gets influenced due to the imposition of laws and regulations in the country. Issues also arise related to separation with and some legal formalities at the time of becoming a member of EU. Further, negotiation takes place between the UK and EU so that further has a greater impact on an economic relationship and political relationships get affected through this contract.
Moreover, negotiation is carried out between both the countries but the EU will not change its rules for the purpose to meet the demands of the British. At the time of withdrawal parliamentary scrutiny is being done to carry out the agreement between both the countries.