Abnormal behavior and mental health
A disorder is a functional abnormality that disrupts normal physical or mental behaviors, and they are classified into; physical disorder, mental disorder, genetic disorder, behavior disorder, emotional and functional disorders. In this case, Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 disorder lie under mental disorders. Bipolar disorders are brain disorders that cause changes in a person’s energy, mood, and ability to function. Bipolar 1 disorder involves one manic episode to be diagnosed. In contrast, with Bipolar 2 it involves a major depressive episode that lasts for a less painful period than a full-blown manic episode. Instantly, Bipolar 1 causes mania and may cause depression, while Bipolar 2 causes hypomania and depression. However, there are several differences between Bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorder. .mediation is resolving conflict in which a mediator helps the disputants solve their conflict; it’s voluntary. In contrast, conflict resolution is a set of techniques used to resolve disputes with a third party’s help.
Consequently, its advantages are that it is simple in the sense that no complex procedural must be followed. It is cheap, swift, allows the parties to revise and adjust the scope of the conflict; finally, it will enable flexible solutions settlement. Theories of intelligence test psychological assessment are as follows; the triarchic theory of intelligence and multiple intelligences. Therefore, the paper gives an analysis of Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 disorder and their interventions, the process of mediation in conflict resolution amongst some its advantages lastly the theories of intelligent psychological assessment as follows;
As discussed earlier, bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings .there are four types of bipolar disorders, namely; Bipolar 1, Bipolar 2, cyclothymic disorder, and lastly, other specified and unspecified bipolar and related disease. Ideally, the concept of Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 is based on the symptoms, causes, how to diagnose finally is how Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 is treated. Similarly, all bipolar disorders are characterized by extreme mood whereby the high is referred to as manic episodes; in this case, one feels on top of the world. The low is called the depression episodes; one feels sad and hopeless (Suppes et al.,.2018). The significant difference between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 disorder lies in the severity of the manic episodes caused by each type .where by a person with Bipolar 1 disorder will experience full manic episodes.
In contrast, a person with Bipolar 2 will share a hypomanic episode. Symptoms of bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 start to occur in teenage or early 20s; that’s when they begin to appear. It nearly develops before the age of 50s, and these are the people at risk.
The following are symptoms of Bipolar 1 disorders; substance abuse, excessive spending, hypersexuality, inflated self-perception, flying sudden from one idea to another while the symptoms of Bipolar 2 disorders embroidered self-confidence, loud speech, increased energy, and decreased need of sleep. A person with Bipolar 2 may experience both good and bad habits. For example, good habits may include contracting their positive moods to other people, making jokes to them, and having an interest in other peoples and activities. Unfortunately, this same people may have steady and unhealthy behaviors .the bipolar intervention includes the therapy involvement which bases its arguments on: firstly, cognitive behavioral therapy this approach aims at empowering people to learn how to identify and change and overcome these automatic negative thoughts where they are changed, challenged and replenished with realistic thoughts .there are various strategies put in place to help impact these real thoughts and among them are a mental distraction, relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation. Meditation can be done using both the imagery and body awareness to move a person into a deep state of relaxation. Secondly, family-focused counseling with this it’s given after an illness episode. This approach aims to provide family members and caregivers with the support and guidance in coping with bipolardisordersin the family objectives. Family-focused counseling has the following objectives: integrating the experiences associated with mania or depression, Accepting the notion of vulnerability to future episodes, and accepting the necessity of mood-stabilizing medications for symptom control, distinguishing between the patient’s personality and his or her bipolar disorder, recognizing and learning to cope with stressful life events that may trigger mood recurrences. Thirdly, group therapy is involved with counseling individuals as a group with a similar disorder. This helps individuals know that they are not alone, and they are in potential with mediation side effects.
Moreover, it has several benefits, which include receiving and giving support; it helps to be aware of their feeling and know how to express them; lastly, it helps to interact with others more healthily. Lastly, electroconvulsive therapy is a procedure performed in a daycare unit, and it’s only applicable where medication has failed to help an individual/. Is achieved when an individual is put into sleep using anesthesia, and a muscle relaxant is given.
Mediation as a form of conflict resolution comprises the following stages: planning, an introduction from the mediator, opening remarks, joint discussion, caucuses, and negotiation, respectively( Rusdayanti et al.,.2020). Planning is where the mediator has to decide who should attend and present by building a facilitation team, where they should be trained as per the assigned tasks. Mediators opening; this is where the mediator introduces the participants, presents the mediator’s process, and finally lays out the ground rules. In this case, the mediator facilitates communication between the parties involved and helps them reach a voluntary and negotiated agreement to the disputes, which is cost-effective, timely, and fair both to the parties involved. Introduction remarks, this is the opportunity given to each party to present their views on basic premises behind each case’s concern and issues without interruption. Joint discussion in this stage, the mediator encourages the parties to respond to the opening remarks, and the reason behind this is to arrive at a better understanding. In this stage, the mediator tries to understand why the party has differences in their views. Caucuses; all the information shared in this step is confidential; the parties involved hold separate meetings to work out problems that might have occurred during the joint discussion. Negotiation is contacted in the same room where the mediator engages themselves in shuttle diplomacy. The agreement is reached to avoid arguments. Negotiation has the following steps; preparation, discussion, clarification of words, negotiating towards a win-win outcome, understanding, and finally, implementing the course of action.
Theories of intelligence test psychological assessment
In this case, the theories of intelligence test psychological assessment as follows; the triarchic approach of intelligence and theory of multiple intelligences (Sethy,2020). Thearchic theory of intelligence defines intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your standards and your sociocultural context. There are three aspects, which are analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence – this is the ability to analyses problems, solve the issues, and arrive at the solutions. Creative intelligence involves imagination, innovation, and problem-solving; one has to come up with new ideas. Lastly, practical intelligence is an individuals’ ability to adapt to the changing environment to suit themselves or find a new domain to work.
Gardener multiple intelligence with this each represent unique skill and talents relevant to a specific category. However, the theory has initially proposed several multiple intelligences, namely; bodily-kinesthetic, this is the ability to coordinate your body and mind; interpersonal intelligence – is the ability to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations, and desires of others. Intrapersonal intelligence is the ability to be self–aware, understand oneself what you feel and what you want, and be in tune with the inner sensations, values, beliefs, and thinking process. Musical intelligence can produce and discern sounds, tone, rhythm, pitch, and timbre. Visual-spatial intelligence is the capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly. Verbal – linguistic intelligence is the capacity to find the right words to express what you mean and, finally, logical-mathematical intelligence. This is the aptitude to think conceptually and abstractly, quantifying things, making a hypothesis, and proving them. Other theories include fluid versus crystallized intelligence, and emotional intelligence is concerned with monitoring one’s own and people’s emotions, recognizing their meaning. Fluid intelligence is the aptitude to solve problems in a novel situation without referencing prior knowledge. In contrast, crystallized intelligence comprises several different abilities that interact and work together to produce overall individual intelligence.
In conclusion, Bipolar disorders cause changes in a person’s way of doing things. Bipolar 1 is involved with one manic episode, while bipolar 2 involves major depressive episodes. The interventions are therapy involvement, namely; cognitive behavioral therapy, family-focused counseling, group therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. The mediation process in the conflict resolution comprises the following stages: planning, an introduction from the mediator, introduction remarks, joint discussion, caucuses, and final negotiation. At the end of this, the parties involved always agreed that the theories of intelligence test psychological assessment help determine someone’s mental agility and ability.
References
Rokhim, R., Januari, A. D., Atik, U., Shara, S., & Rusdayanti, N. (2020). Palm oil social conflict resolution and mediation in Jambi. Cogent Social Sciences, 6(1), 1812831.
Sethy, M. (2020). Unit-4 Theories of intelligence. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
Vieta, E., Salagre, E., Grande, I., Carvalho, A. F., Fernandes, B. S., Berk, M., … & Suppes, T. (2018). Early intervention in bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(5), 411-426.