Introduction.
Every human has exposed to physical injury. The body organs respond to each injury, depending on the degree of the damage attached to the body. As one of the first, foremost steps towards healing, the body tends to develop a predictable inflammatory response towards the impending injury. (Doenges., et al2019). Upon detecting the damage, the information is transmitted to the brain through the nervous system. The body quickly generates the acidosis process, which increases the level of acid in the blood. The temperature of the body drops steadily, also known as hypothermia, and hence the pain is reduced.
Pain pathway mechanism.
Physical injuries are the inducers of pain to the body when the tissue’s damage is detected; the information is relayed to the brain via the nervous system. Therefore, the immune system responds by releasing chemicals such as histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandin during the inflammatory process to stimulate the pain receptors. The damaged tissue immediately starts to swell due to the blockage of capillaries and increased blood flow, making the fluid clot (Dumovich, & Singh, 2019). The swelling stimulates nociceptors. Nociceptors are the first-order neurons in the pain pathway found in every peripheral tissue responsible for regulating the inflammation and immune response by sending information to the immune system. They are also capable of detecting mechanical, thermal, and chemical noxious stimuli.
Types of medications and their ability to reduce pain.
Nursing care and appropriate medication are vital to the body to produce and respond clinically to different injuries. The kind of nursing offered to depend on the type of injury or trauma in place. In mild or moderately associated pain, non-opioid analgesics such as paracetamols and recommended NSAIDs can be used to reduce pain. Both Paracetamols and NSAIDs work simultaneously by blocking the prostaglandin synthesis in the damaged tissue, which stops the Nociceptors neurons from activation. (Odgaard & Kothari, 2019) The medication also affects the hypothalamus, which regulates the temperature of the body. Other non-opoid analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs such as COXs 2 inhibitors can also manage pain, swellings, and reduce inflammation. However, some of the non-opoid painkillers are associated with cardiovascular events such as stroke and myocardial infections. Opioid analgesics also reduces pain in severe cases by binding with opioid receptors in the central nervous system and blocking the neurotransmitters substances such as glutamate.
Non-pharmacological Nursing care.
Assurance is vital to the patient or the casualty to help calm down the pain. Provision of entertainment sources such as newspapers, TV shows, and magazines can help destruct the patient’s perception of pain.it is also recommended to offer formal encouragements to the patient.
Summery.
Naproxen will be an appropriate medication for Daniel to help manage pain since it is the least harmful drug to patients with CVD. The processes identified are summarized in the following concept map.