Approaches in Supporting or Managing Vulnerable People
Approaches in Supporting or Managing Vulnerable People
According to Shivayogi (2013, p. 53), the Vulnerable population refers to the disadvantaged segment of a community that requires utmost care, special consideration in the provision of services that would be extended to the and the group also requires increased assiduous securities in research.The freedom of vulnerable people and the ability to safeguard themselves from envisioned and inherent risks is inconsistently abridged from minimal freewill in makinginformed decisions(Simpson2010, p. 6). Vulnerable people need care during designing studies that require strict and fair considerations of quality measurements in the scrutiny of all safety and efficacy research strategies (Brown2000, p.32). Vulnerable groups include children, expectant women, human in vitro fertilization, fetuses, employees, prisoners, students at various hierarchical educational stages, people who are terminally ill, physically, and mentally challenged persons. Older people, both visual and hearing impaired persons, refugees, comatose, educationally, and economically challenged groups, groups conducting international research and health volunteers (Shivayogi2013, p. 53). Protecting and managing vulnerable people is aimed at upholding their right to be safe. Feeling or being unsafe prohibits their self-belief and relationships amongst themselves and other people. It also undermines their ability to participate and contribute freely to the community and society at large.Employing different approaches to protect and manage vulnerable people is of greater importance since, because of their situation, they are unable to keep themselves safe (Simpson2010, p. 7).
Approaches Employed To Support and Manage Vulnerable People
Various governments should endeavor to strengthen citizenship and communities in conjunction with the personalization agenda. This approach will contribute to keeping vulnerable people safe (Brown2000, p.35).Simpson (2010, p. 7) argues that support that is self-directed support enables them to have choices and proper control of their life. Further, vulnerable people will eventually become active citizens instead of being passive recipients of services. Shivayogi (2013, p. 53) argues that when vulnerable people have choices and control over their arrangements pertaining to support, they will always keep in touch with friends and family, and they stay will stay safe and healthy. Therefore, they are at minimal risk of abuse than when vulnerable people are isolated and heavily dependent on services. In this regard,they are likely to have people in their lives who wouldnotice and take action in response to any forms and concerns ofabuse.
Another approach is working with service providers and the regulators who should ensure that the service intended to improve the lives of the vulnerablegroupshas met its intended purposes. This approach ensures that the service providers communally incorporate both safety and personalization as a way of protecting vulnerable people. Both service providers and regulators are essential partners. Thus, there is a need to understand and share this approach the local community is employed to protect and manage vulnerable people. If a sensitive person or community choices a service provider, it is vital that the same service provider combines a safety measure at the time of service delivery. The role of the regulator, in this case, is to support the message that safety should not be compromised (Simpson2010, p. 11).
Simpson (2010, p. 11) continues to point out that safety for the vulnerable groups will be achieved through working together with the citizens.Social care transformation will not be achieved if councils cannot work together with disabled people, minority groups, the aged, individual budget holders, and other vulnerablegroups. Boards should also work with families, friends, and caregivers of the said vulnerable groups. This approach works as much better as strengthening citizenship.
Early intercession and prevention to make sure that the vulnerable people lead active and satisfying lives that are free from maltreatment is key to maintaining safety and protection. Many councils are actively engaging with the locals to identify issues at an early stage instead of waiting forvulnerable people to come when a problem arises. The approach increases emphasis to ensure that there exists a universal offer to people regardless of their social status (Brown2000, p.36).
Approaches in Supporting Vulnerable People and Tackling Repeat Offenders
The issue of Repeat offending a victimization
According to research, a small percentage of prolific offenders take responsibility for a significant percentage of crime. Over half of all the crime committed can be traced to the persistent and prolific offenders. This kind of behavior can be supported by a theory that states that human beings have a predisposition to behave criminally, and this predisposition is what leads some people to be sustained career criminals. Therefore they are bound to be career offenders(Farrelland Pease2017, p.7). It should be noted here that as one commits a crime, the probability of committing another crime, significantly increases. This is the reason why someone who has committed a crime and convicted for the same, finds it quite hard to lead a law-abiding life. However, going back to crime by ex-convicts can also be attributed to the fewer job opportunities that are available for them or because they are always shunned by the community when they get out of prison(Farrelland Pease2017, p.7).
Concerning repeat victimization, in the USA, over 75% of the crimes in a particular year are repeat crimes. This is according to the report by the National victimization survey. For instance, in the UK, over 50% of property crimes are repeated. Having this understanding significantly helps in exploring what will work when tackling repeat offending as well as repeat victimization(Farrell and Pease2014, p.4372).
According to Farrell and Pease(2014, p.4372), when exploring how to tackle repeat offending, one thing that one should have in mind is how to predict repeat offending. The risk factors of a person who is likely to be a repeat offender include family factors, which may consist of family history, parenting, family conflict, among others. There school-related factors that may include low achievement in school, bullying, and lack of commitment to academic work. Community-related factors may include a person living in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Knowing and understanding these risk factors helps in predicting those who are likely to be repeat offenders and then device way of controlling the vice of repeat offending(Tseloni, Tilleyand Farrell2018, p.273).
Various approaches have been devised to tackle repeat offending. One of the strategies is incapacitation, which is the act of making it very hard for a past offender to re-offend. Incapacitation usually is in terms of imprisonment or confinement, and it has been known to work despite its challenges. The second approach is to tackling repeat offending and victimization, which is deterrence. Deterrence is making it risky or make it appear risky for the offenders to re-offend. Deterrence is the unwillingness of people to engage in crime due to the fear of the punishment that they may receive. There is also the approach of informal social control. Informal social controls involve using people like friends, parents, teachers’ religious leaders to approve or disapprove of the actions of the offenders. However, this approach works when it is done by people the offenders care for or those who can make life easier or difficult for offenders(Farrell and Pease2014, p.4378).
It should also be noted that if repeat victimization if reduced, the crime can be significantly be reduced when reduction measures are developed and implemented correctly. In tackling repeat victimization, locally appropriate measures should be undertaken. For the measures to work, they also have to be thoughtfully and thoroughly implemented. One of the measures of tacking repeat victimization is through advising the victims to identify and implement the appropriate prevention measures that are context-specific. The most effective methods of preventing repeat victimization are situational, and can only be effective if the victims can adequately and quickly adapt to the situation(Farrell and Pease2014, p.4378)
References
Simpson, B., 2010. Practical Approaches to Safeguarding and Personalization.
Shivayogi, P., 2013. Vulnerable population and methods for their safeguard. Perspectives in clinical research, 4(1), p.53.
Brown, H., 2000. Valuing People Learning Disabilities Strategy Document: Abuse and protection issues. Available to download from the Valuing People Support Team website.
Farrell, G., and Pease, K., 2017. Preventing repeat and near repeat crimeconcentrations. Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 2.
Tseloni, A., Tilley, N., and Farrell, G., 2018. Victimization Surveys in Environmental Criminology. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology, p.273.
Farrell, Graham & Pease, Ken. (2014). Repeat Victimization.