Argumentative Passages
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Syncrude has excavated more soil than from the construction of the Great Pyramid of Cheops, the Great Wall of China, the Suez Canal, and the ten biggest dams in the world combined presents deductive arguments. Based on the above premise, it is impossible to make the above passage to be true; hence arguing based on the above would result in a false conclusion. Armat et al. (2018) explain that the deductive argument such as the above one occurs as invalid. Invalidity results from the false arguments in which the assumption is made that premises are real and observe whether the conclusion would be false. According to Heit and Rotello (2010), the statements above persist as the deductive argument based on the facts that it presents assumed facts or truth as its premises for the conclusion. Such an argument relates to antiquity in which few of its statements exist as truth and presents a valid conclusion. For instance, more soil has been excavated by Syncrude than from the construction of the Great Pyramid of Cheops, or Syncrude has excavated more soil than from the development of the ten biggest dams in the world combined. Based on the above statement, no one has proven such assumptions, but those premises occur as sufficiently in supporting the conclusion.
Moreover, the passage presents the deductive reasoning based on facts that it involves thinking from multiple statements in achieving the logical conclusion. Furthermore, deduction argument such as this lines the conditionals, premises as well as findings. For instance, such argument assumes that if all assumptions exist as true, then the statements present clear terms which follow the rules and policies of deductive logic implying that concluded is true (Rotello & Heit, 2009). Concluding that soils excavated by Syncrude are more than the volume of the soil produced during construction of the ten largest dams in the world occurs when the conclusion is reached reductively. Based on the passage, which as a deductive argument, it could happen as invalid or valid based on the fact of soundness. For example, for a discussion to occur as accurate, it naturally depends on the conclusion made from the premises (Heit & Rotello, 2010). On that case, if the statement provided about the argument as premise possesses some truth, and the conclusions naturally originates from the premises, then the deductive reasoning of the scenario persists as valid. Moreover, a deductive argument such as that witnessed in the passage can undergo invalidation by use of false assumptions which acts as the starting point.
Moreover, prior to totally proving the deductive argument wrong, the first step should be proving its premises and conclusion false. For instance, the Kariba dam in Zimbabwe occurs as the largest dam in the world based on the water capacity and surface area covered. It has a size of 617m length and 128m high. Based on these parameters, the soil excavated during its construction exceeds that excavated by Syncrude. One largest dam in the world possess such amount of the soil removed during its development, and when nine other would get added, the amount would be higher as compared to the main argument. Greta Pyramid of Cheops, Greta Wall of China, Suez Canal cover a wide area meaning that large volume of soils was removed as during the process of construction which exits above the estimated volume of the soil excavated by the Syncrude. As a result, upon disapproving all premises and conclusion, then it can be assumed that one or some of the statements occur as false or applied falsely in that particular argument.
Refugee claimants who use fake documents to enter Canada should not be condemned as dishonest or line jumpers. People fleeing persecution in their homeland are often forced to use fraudulent documents. For instance, Somalis fleeing the war in their country using fake passports bought in Kenya or other neighboring African countries. The statement significantly contains arguments based on various factors. Based on the passage, it tries to prove the correctness of the opinion and concepts involved in the refuges cases in Canada. On the same note, the passage argues based on individuals views in which other people that possess different opinions about the cases of refuges using fake document while entering in another country such as Canada (Canadian Council for Refugees, 2018). Furthermore, the passage exists inductive argument in which most of its claims occur as truth in which it offers premises some ground for the conclusion. Also, the inductive argument, as seen in the above passage and points includes the true premises possess high chances that conclusion would make it unlikely to be false (Rotello & Heit, 2009). Notably, the success, as well as the strength, originates from the degree of arguments and provision of facts.
Refugee claimants who use fake documents to enter Canada should not be condemned as dishonest or line jumpers. Based on the above statement, the inductive argument comes in place since that reasoning partakes particular statement hence making a broader generalization, but argument style remains open for the conclusion (Heit & Rotello, 2010). Such statements occur as making an informed guess based on the facts or information possessed by an individual. For instance, As a result, refugees who use fake documents should not be condemned as dishonest or line jumpers based on various factors. Based on the multiple factors that result in fleeing by the refugees, the government of Canada, as well as international organizations, recognizes the issues of the false documentation by the refuges while seeking asylum (Canadian Council for Refugees, 2018). Besides, refugees face various challenges such as natural disaster, war, violence, poverty as well as the hunger to name a few which most of the countries understand including Canada (Canadian Council for Refugees, 2018). Such challenges make the people seek asylum for peace and save their lives hence making them use false documents to enter into safer countries. Such a statement occurs as inductive argument since they may sound good, but it does not mean to be 100% right since the point of argument originates from my personal information (Rotello & Heit, 2009). In some cases, such as the above one, the argument involves the enumerative induction in which it assumes all in bold assertion or the argument appeals to some forms of uniformity.
Why does a simple shift from monthly to weekly mortgage payments result in such enormous savings for borrowers? First, there is the “accelerated reduction of principle.” More payments are being made (52 instead of 12). Second, there is the built-in prepayment of principal that weekly mortgages provide. Based on the above statement, it represents the inductive type of arguments based on various reasons (Armat et al., 2018). In most cases, such as this, the inductive argument makes a generalized conclusion about the population due to various statistical presentations (Shye, 1988). The statement “shifting from motherly to weekly mortgage payments plans result in enormous savings for the borrower due to more payments being paid” occurs as an inductive argument. Furthermore, the statements originate from the facts that measures of the individuals experiencing those huge savings who opt the weekly mortgage payment plans present a substantial portion of the population (Shye, 1988). On the same note, the arguments about these facts exist as profoundly reliable in the context of the well-defined margin of error offered due to the facts that the sample presented persist as large and random.
Moreover, the statistical syllogism based on the above inductive argument offers the starting point, which proceeds to the conclusion about the situation. For instance, Biweekly mortgage payments strategies provide significant benefits to individuals as compared to the monthly system. For example, people who choose to use biweekly plans; they end up paying off their mortgage faster as compared to those with a monthly payment schedule. For example, if an individual pays $100,000 home and pout down 20%, that person would have $80,000 mortgage (Haggerty, 2011). In case a person decides to take 30 years mortgage and use the monthly payments system, he or she would require 30 years to pay it off (Haggerty, 2011). Moreover, if that individual selects biweekly strategy of payments, he would take 24 years to pay off the loan. Furthermore, the system offers opportunities for perfect budgeting by the individuals more so those paid on a biweekly basis. As per Haggerty (2011), the biweekly plans ensure that a person makes savings on the interests. For instance, the lender could allow the individual to place the extra annually loan payments directly towards the mortgage principal. As a result, the person would possess the capability to pay off their principals, implying potential savings on interest over the specified years (Haggerty, 2011). On the same note, as witnessed from the above example, the argument takes the form of an analogy. As a result, the passage notes the shared properties between the monthly and weekly mortgage payments plans.
References
Rotello, C. M., & Heit, E. (2009). Modeling the effects of argument length and validity on inductive and deductive reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(5), 1317.
Armat, M. R., Assarroudi, A., Rad, M., Sharifi, H., & Heydari, A. (2018). Inductive and deductive: Ambiguous labels in qualitative content analysis. The Qualitative Report, 23(1), 219-221.
Shye, S. (1988). Inductive and deductive reasoning: A structural reanalysis of ability tests. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(2), 308.
Canadian Council for Refugees. (2018). Facing Facts – Myths and misconceptions about refugees and immigrants in Canada. Retrieved 25 March 2020, from https://ccrweb.ca/sites/ccrweb.ca/files/static-files/documents/FFacts.htm
Heit, E., & Rotello, C. M. (2010). Relations between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(3), 805.
Haggerty, M. (2011). The Benefits of a Biweekly Mortgage Plan. Retrieved 25 March 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/03/realestate/the-benefits-of-a-biweekly-mortgage-plan-mortgages.htmley/personalfinance/2017/08/12/should-you-make-bi-weekly-mortgage-payments/552743001/