BMI Screening Intervention
Effective healthcare requires viable and high performing intervention measures after screening. Screening of adult BMI index is essential in establishing effective intervention measures to improve the health outcomes of obese and overweight adults. The BMI based interventions help obese adults to reduce their weight and prevent chronic ailments such as hypertension and cardiovascular complications. The main patient intervention measures for BMI screening include counseling and behavioral measures, surgery, and pharmacotherapy.
Counselling and Behavioral Change
Counseling entails indulging the patients with high BMI index in psychotherapy sessions to suppress mental illness, psychological complications, and stress emanating from their overweight or obesity conditions. In particular, the overweight patients can be encouraged to positively face obesity-related stigma, diet change provisions, and have high hopes of weight reduction once they assume the prescribed intervention measures (Petrin et al., 2017). Moreover, behavioral interventions involve steps such as dietary changes and increased engagement in physical activity. The dietary changes involve informing the patients to switch from heavy consumption of high fat, sugary, and junk foods to healthier and green foods (Samdal et al., 2017). The patients with high BMI should be advised to escalate their intake of vegetables and fruits while reducing fast foods and sugary beverages in their diet. Besides, the patients can be advised to restructure and replace unhealthy meals, and further concentrate on consuming diets with low-calorie content. Moreover, the patients with high BMI index need to switch to foods with high protein levels but low energy content, low glycemic index, and low carbohydrate content (Samdal et al., 2017). Besides, the patient can be advised to observe effective timing and frequency of meal intake to reduce unnecessary weight gain. Furthermore, the physical activity intervention entails encouraging obese patients to actively engage in body exercises to reduce their cholesterol levels.
The outcomes of the counseling sessions can be assessed by gauging the moods and psychological wellness of the patients in the course of the intervention period. , the behavioral intervention results can be assessed by gauging and measuring any notable weight reduction and muscle gain of the patients in the first 3 to 6 months.
Furthermore, counseling and physical activity are cheap to the patients since the psychotherapy sessions are attended after specific time durations while the physical exercises can be done at their costs. Counseling improves the mental wellbeing of the patients, motivates them to positively take up the weight reduction measures, and reduces mental illness-related complications such as hypertension, poor judgment as well as cardiovascular and hypertension complications (Petrin et al., 2017). Moreover, increasing physical activity and changing to healthier diets aids the patients in reducing their weight and mitigating obesity-related health complications such as hypertension and cardiac problems (Samdal et al., 2017). As a nursing practitioner, it is evident that counseling and behavioral change intervention can aid in improving the overall nursing practitioner-patient ratings since it improves their overall health outcomes and reduces the medical expenses to be incurred.
Surgery
Surgery is a viable intervention measure utilized in helping individuals with high BMI to reduce their weights. The weight reduction surgery processes are done to diminish the fat content of overweight patients and subdue their BMI index. To achieve this, the weight-loss surgery is carried out to mitigate the health complications emanating from obesity through malabsorption and restriction (Colquitt, Pickett, Loveman & Frampton, 2014). Restriction strategy can be carried out to physically reduce the quantity of the food which can be held by the stomach, which in turn brings down the body’s calorie content (Colquitt, Pickett, Loveman & Frampton, 2014). Also, surgery is done to facilitate malabsorption by bypassing or shortening the small intestine portions to bring down the number of nutrients and calories absorbed by the body. I can utilize the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique to develop a minute pouch on top of the stomach which in turn limits the quantity of food and drink that can be consumed comfortably by the patient (Colquitt, Pickett, Loveman & Frampton, 2014). In this case, a small option of the small intestine is cut, then the remaining portion connected to the small pouch which releases small amounts of food into the stomach (Colquitt, Pickett, Loveman & Frampton, 2014). Also, sleeve gastrectomy can be applied to remove a section of the stomach to result in smaller volume holding digestible food. To measure the outcomes of the surgical operation on the patients with high BMI, their gradual reduction in weight and BMI is recorded and assessed after three to four months.
The surgical method of reducing body BMI is effective since it directly facilitates the reduction of food ingested in the stomach, hence reducing calories and fats absorbed. Even though the surgical procedure can be quite costly, it is a one-time procedure whose positive health outcome is witnessed after it is completed (Colquitt, Pickett, Loveman & Frampton, 2014). This results in reduced health complications of hypertension and cardiovascular complications. As a nursing practitioner, I believe that the surgical technique can improve the patient ratings once they observe the positive health outcomes of the surgical procedures entailing weight reduction.
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy intervention is another viable method of helping in the reduction of BMI index which is 25 kg/m2 and above. In particular, after screening the body BMI, a nursing practitioner can prescribe some medication to the patients to facilitate their weight loss. For short-term treatment, drugs such as phentermine, phendimetrazine, diethylpropion, and benzphetamine are utilized to enable weight loss (Joo & Lee, 2014). Also, according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the US, topiramate and phentermine, lorcaserin, and orlistat are vital in facilitating weight loss in the long-term. (Joo & Lee, 2014). Additionally, it is noteworthy that topiramate and phentermine combination results in a loss of approximately 8-10 kg (Joo & Lee, 2014). The outcome of the pharmacotherapy intervention can be gauged through measuring the weight of the patients after the first three months, in which a loss of 3% should be achieved.
The pharmacotherapy method is essential in helping patients who have difficulty in changing their lifestyles, or exhibit minimal weight loss after engaging in physical activity and dietary change. Pharmacotherapy is essential in reducing the risks of overweight problems such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac problems (Joo & Lee, 2014). I believe that as a nursing practitioner, pharmacotherapy improves patient ratings particularly after they experience weight after completing the medications.
In sum, viable implementation of pharmacotherapy, counseling, and behavioral changes, as well as surgery result in positive health outcomes among overweight individuals. Counseling improves mental health while physical activity facilitates weight loss in individuals with high BMI. Also, the correct choice of pharmacotherapy and surgery can aid weight loss without the need for physical activity and a diet change. As a nursing practitioner, it is vital to correctly implement these intervention measures and propagate positive health outcomes since it improves the patient’s ratings.
References
Colquitt, J. L., Pickett, K., Loveman, E., & Frampton, G. K. (2014). Surgery for weight loss in adults. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003641.pub4
Joo, J. K., & Lee, K. S. (2014). Pharmacotherapy for obesity. Journal of menopausal medicine, 20(3), 90-96. https://dx.doi.org/10.6118%2Fjmm.2014.20.3.90
Petrin, C., Kahan, S., Turner, M., Gallagher, C., & Dietz, W. H. (2017). Current attitudes and practices of obesity counseling by health care providers. Obesity research & clinical practice, 11(3), 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2016.08.005
Samdal, G. B., Eide, G. E., Barth, T., Williams, G., & Meland, E. (2017). Effective behavior change techniques for physical activity and healthy eating in overweight and obese adults; a systematic review and meta-regression analyses. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0494-y