Business Critique Review
The article is all about differences in procrastination and motivation between graduate and undergraduate students. The article tried to answer how procrastination differs between graduate and undergraduate students so that the most affected group can get intervention. The researcher tried to answer how different motivation factors affect different levels of procrastination that are common with both graduate and undergraduate students. The article wanted to establish the different levels of procrastination that are there in different levels of education and also how age influence procrastination.
The research methodology used by the researcher involved the use of survey where questionnaires were used which were given to all the respondents of the sample group. The group surveyed included sixty-six undergraduate students and sixty-eight graduates who represented the total population of the graduates and undergraduates. The idea of the article is to reveal the difference in the procrastination level between graduates and undergraduates. The study was conducted in college context where undergraduates and over graduates were involved. A cross-sectional design was used to compare the undergraduate and graduate students, the procrastination types and the associated motivational variables.
The author concludes that graduates and undergraduates apply different procrastination types. The graduates are more likely to procrastinate as compared to the undergraduates since they are more motivated to understand the importance of procrastination as well as well as the benefits associated procrastination in improving performance. The article reveals the behavior of graduates and undergraduates and what motivates them to procrastinate. The author recommends that the relationship between procrastination, motivation and self-regulated learning should be discussed in-depth so that proper interventions are obtained. Getting the implication of procrastination to the education in graduate and undergraduate school will assist in getting the right interventions to prevent procrastination in schools the research was well conducted as it gave the expected result which answered the research questions.
Purpose
The research question is well presented as it is easy to establish what the researcher wanted to know. The question of the research is different from the research that has been conducted before regarding the issue of procrastination and motivation, but none of them brings a comparison between academic procrastination across the different academic level grades. The research itself aims at getting the comparison between graduate and undergraduate level of procrastination.
Literature Review
The literature review is well organized as it includes the already available information regarding the topic. All the aspects required for the research have been researched before which offers a better background for the research by the author. The factors of motivation are well organized in the literature review, and they all relate to academic procrastination together with the implication of the procrastination. This literature review has already identified the different types of procrastination which will help in comparing undergraduate and graduate student’s procrastination. It offers a balanced critical analysis of the literature where all factors of motivation and different types of procrastination are covered. Most of the literature used is of recent origin and experiments were conducted to establish the results of the review. An empirical study is not used in the literature as the review used the research that was conducted by others. The literature is of recent origin as we have information from the previous studies conducted in recent years regarding the topic of research.
Objectives/Hypothesis
The research question has been identified which shows what the article aims to cover. The literature review guides on what the author aims at establishing as the article is an addition to what has not yet been covered regarding the topic. The hypothesis of the article is indicated as the article want to establish the comparison between graduate and undergraduate in procrastinating. The research has a hypothesis that graduates and undergraduates have different levels of procrastination which is affected by self-learning perspective and motivation. The objective of the article is well included and its consistency with the discussion contained in the article. The research question identified where the aim of the article is determined. This goes in line with the literature, and the research tries to come up with solutions to the research question.
Ethical Standards Applied
Ethical standards were applied during the research as the Standard Institutional Review Board procedures were conducted before the study started. The procedures ensured that all participants were informed and their privacy protected according to the SIRB. The students were informed, and the researcher who happened to be their lecturer ensured that he collected data alone for privacy and security of identity of the students. Confidentiality was assured, and the participants were protected from harm because the lecturer himself collected the data for use.
Operational Definitions
The article uses different terms which are defined. Each terminology has an example that assists the reader to understand what the author meant by the word. The operational definitions are well explained which it makes easier to understand the content of the article. Not all theories used in the article are explicit which require review of the article to make it more transparent. The concepts relate to each other which make the article more reliable.
Methodology
The research design used in the article is well described where all the steps used to achieve the results are explained. The data collection methods used were well explained together with the instruments that were used for the data collection. The instrument used was questionnaire which was fit for a collection of the required data. The questionnaires were developed appropriately where they contained relevant questions for the study. The questionnaires captured all areas of the research which indicates that they were appropriately developed. Validity and reliability testing were conducted before the research started where the instructor ensured that only students from his class participated in the study. The results of the study are discussed which makes the research complete as the results give the point of discussion. A pilot study was not conducted before the research which could be important to give the researcher a clue of the expected results.
Data Analysis/Results
The analysis method used in the article is a statistical analysis that shows the number of individuals who were affected by different types of procrastination. The method was appropriate for the research as it gave clear results of the expected outcome. The people that participated in the research were 134. The findings of the study were vital as they answered the research questions.
Discussion
The findings of the research link to the literature. They add to what the literature includes regarding procrastination and motivation. The hypothesis was supported by the findings where the findings justify the hypothesis. The strengths of the article are discussed, and recommendations are given on what should be researched in future.
References
The books and journals used for the article are well referenced which makes it a good source of information for future researches.
Conclusion
The article was well researched and included updated sources that were used for a literature review. The sample size was representative of the general population which means the findings of the article can be generalized to another population.