Deductive and Inductive Syllogisms
Syllogism 1
All college students are required to take a Humanities class.
Critical Thinking is a Humanities class.
All college students take Critical Thinking.
The syllogism presented above is inductive. The grounds of the statements are probable, not definite. It is required of all college students to take a Humanities class. The syllogism is deductively invalid since some students may opt not to do critical Thinking since it is one of the courses taught in a humanities class (Bradford, 2017). The grounds for the statement are, All college students are required to take a humanities class, and critical Thinking is one of the humanities classes.
Syllogism 2
All college students’ study.
Ernie is a college student.
Therefore, Ernie studies.
The above forms a deductive syllogism. The two statements are used to justify the final report. The second statement supports the first by showing that all college students are required to study. The syllogism is deductively valid since all students must research, and Ernie is a college student; it is therefore only logical that Ernie studies. The premise for the syllogism is, all college students study, and Ernie is a college student.
Syllogism 3
All college students attend class.
Cindy attends class.
Therefore, Cindy is a college student.
The above statement is an intrusive syllogism. The syllogism is deductively invalid since the conclusion formed is a probable one since we cannot positively say that Cindy is a college student. There are different schools, and all require their students to attend classes. The conclusion, therefore, the form does not adequately show that Cindy is a college student just by the fact that she attends classes (Stevens, 2018). The premises are all college students attend class. Cindy attends class.
Syllogism 4
Two girls submit an assignment,
The two submissions are identical,
Therefore, ___________________
Therefore, the girls copied each other.
The statements from a deductive syllogism since the first two statements are definite. The argument is deductively valid since the two comments support each other and the conclusion that they both did their assignments together since no two people can think in the same way (Trochim, 2020). The premises are that the two girls submitted an appointment, and the assignments are identical.
References
Bradford, A. (2017, July 25). Deductive reasoning vs. inductive reasoning. livescience.com. https://www.livescience.com/21569-deduction-vs-induction.html
Stevens, K. (2018). Reasoning by precedent—Between rules and analogies. Legal Theory, 24(3), 216-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352325218000113
Trochim, W. M. (2020, March 10). Deduction & induction. https://conjointly.com/kb/deduction-and-induction/