Depression Disorders
In recent years, the word “depression” has appeared more and more frequently in the news, and much social news reported suicides due to depression disorders. Especially in young generations, the percentage of depression disorders getting increases and keep growing. In the article, “Developmental influences on interpersonal stress generation in depressed youth.” the author Rudolph shows the idea that depressive disorder will infinitely be magnified in the young generation, it will happen ahead of time. He made a hypothesis on his research and focusing on the transition through adolescence and amplify the influence of depression on interpersonal stress in the next generation (Rudolph, 2008). In his research, he makes examined in 158 youth from different age arrange and using semi-structured interviews of depression and some daily life stress. There’re three indices of development chronological age, the pubertal status, and timing. Those are all examined and shows the effect of the moderator stress-generation. To sum up, the author Rudolph referred to the conclusion that depression predicted the interpersonal stress in early maturing, but it won’t be or have less possibility to happen in late-maturing youth. Furthermore, depression can make more pressure on youth and magnified in the pubertal transition period.
In Hammen’s article, “Youth depression and early childrearing: Stress generation and intergenerational transmission of depression.” The author expresses the main idea that the concept of expands the stress beyond life events and the environment. The stress and pressure affection in young age children and the depressive might affect their future interpersonal relations (Hammen et al, 2011). He points out the study’s purpose by explores reasons for the stressful environments, and how this environment makes influences people. In addition, the author shows us a group of method: A community sample of 706 adolescents and their mothers that were studied around ages 15 – 20. The sample was originally selected from families with depressed mothers. In conclusion, the author explains the result that the hypotheses for women: Young women with depression and pressure by age 15 have a higher risk than women who’s in age 15 and have interpersonal difficulties. So the early childrearing is important and (grand)maternal depression has serious influence and it was very evident in predicting youth early-onset depression and interpersonal relationship difficulties.
The last article: “Early adversity and health outcomes in young adulthood: The role of ongoing stress”. authors Elizabeth B. Raposa and Constance L. Hammen explain the experimental study that exam the effects of stressful conditions in early childhood on physical and mental health in people’s young adulthood. The participants of this experiment were from a group of people from a community, mothers provide different assessments of early adverse conditions from birth through age 5. In the physical functioning subscale of the SF-36 health survey, it includes the issues of the presence and affection of chronic disease that happened in youth stress and the depressive and pressure expression of age 15-20. This experiment finally demonstrates the conclusion that early adversity referred to risk for elevated levels and positions of social and nonsocial stress at youth age of 15, as well as depression and pressure between ages 15-20. In the conclusion, authors conclude the early adverse conditions have lasting implications for people’s physical health, and it will continue and increase the risks of both social and nonsocial stress in adolescence, as well as the presence of depression and pressure.
References
Rudolph, K. D. (2008). Developmental influences on interpersonal stress generation in depressed youth. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(3), 673.
Hammen, C., Brennan, P. A., & Le Brocque, R. (2011). Youth depression and early childrearing: Stress generation and intergenerational transmission of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(3), 353.
Raposa, E. B., Hammen, C. L., Brennan, P. A., O’Callaghan, F., & Najman, J. M. (2014). Early adversity and health outcomes in young adulthood: the role of ongoing stress. Health Psychology, 33(5), 410.