Reason 1: Disagreements on issues relating to God and the afterlife.[1]
Elaboration: The message brought by the Prophet Muhammad be seen straightforward, such as reject idolatry and worship Allah, the warning of God’s coming judgment, and the resurrection of the dead for the eternal paradise or suffering. However, along with it many complexities that resulted in debates and elaborations among later Muslims.[2] Thus, the different methods and resources of knowledge related have given rise to the various sects such as ‘Ash’ariyyah, Maturidiyyah, Salafiyyah, Mu’tazilah, Qadariyyah, Jabariyyah, and others.[3]
Reason 2: Disagreements on legitimate government and influence of the Muslim.[4]
Elaboration: When the Prophet Muhammad died, the first thing that the companion had the difference in the first successor between Abu Bakr and ‘Ali. Abu Bakr is Prophet Muhammad ‘s companion and father-in-law while the ‘Ali is Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law. Both had the support, but the majority believed that Abu Bakr should succeed him.[5] This was led to the major divided in Islam, Sunni, and Shi’a.[6]
[1] Class Material, Powerpoint, “The Early Creed by Khalid Blankinship”
[2] Ibid.
[3] University, W. (n.d). Pemikiran Mazhab Dalam Islam. Retrieved August 06, 2020, https://pengajian islam.pressbooks.com/chapter/pemikiran-mazhab-dalam-islam/.
[4] Class Material, Powerpoint, “The Early Creed by Khalid Blankinship”
[5] Ibid.
[6]