Drug Profiling
Introduction
The issue of substance use and abuse has sparked the attention of researchers in many fields to determine the ramifications that come with its use. Drugs and crime are strongly correlated. However, the connection between the two has not been well-established. A systematic and comprehensive examination has to be put forth to understand the association between drug use and crime. Therefore, substance use and crime relationship are utterly understood through covering the whole drug spectrum ranging from substance and crime lexicon, categorization, theories, and finally, policy implications for deterrence, macro-level management, and impairment education of the drug-crime issue.
Explain When the Drugs Was First Used and for What Purposes
The development and origin of drugs date back 3300 years BC when plant roots such as cocaine were used as stimulants. During this period, many components were mixed to yield other advanced types of drugs such as heroin. The mixture of different elements, such as cocaine and methamphetamines, resulted in the development of more potent drugs that have an exceptional effect on the user. As a consequence, certain hybrid drugs were generated that led to cocaine being used as a stimulant while the heroine being used as a depressant. \
Scientists from America have primarily explained the cultivation of substances in vast forests dating thousands of years ago. With the indigenous South American consuming leaves of coca plant as a section of the tribal rituals that impacted stimulation and energy to the users, the drugs of the antiquity served different sorts of purposes. With various medicines attributed to religious and mystical features, it is worth noting that coca leaves contain substance-like alkaloid cocaine which, before transformed from its natural form, acts as a brain stimulant. It has the same effect as coffee.
Despite drugs being associated with different forms of crimes, they are used to serve numerous purposes. Among the various goals that drugs perform constitute medicinal purposesand performing religious ceremonies by the priests. Some are used as a staple food by many people after being socially ratified.
One Model of Addiction and Apply it to the Drug
Correct understanding of the sophisticated models of addiction leads the way to improve the reaction to substance issues. Some many theories and models explore the underlying structure to enlighten on the manner to evaluate, avert, and treat additive actions of drug addicts. Theories or models of addictions present the message that allows comprehending the biological foundation of addiction, among other aspects such as psychological and social of the addictive behaviors, which may escalate prevention of the treatment responses.
Owing to the cocaine drug, the most effective therapy is the moral model. In this model, an exploration of the substandard essence and the natural choice of consciousness is discovered. The ethical model has given the society multiple perspectives about addictions without any positive dimension. A typical view is one that attributes cocaine or drug addiction to criminality. Besides, there is a moral standpoint that cocaine or drug addiction is sinful. It is worth noting that the ethical model resembles both the medical and spiritual models. Under this model, an individual’s trait defect is assessed, and it is reinforced that pride should overrule humility while acceptance should overwhelm resentment. According to the model, trait and weakness error leads to addiction. As of the model, less mercy has been offered to people with a top-notch level of addiction. People’s choices and decisions are the principal themes of this model.
The moral model notes that an individual that has moral potency also requires robust strength to avert addiction. Similarly, religion is a necessity to gain adequate moral and ethical standards. Therefore, the above stipulation is the reason why the model is attributed to a spiritual model. Wanting religious belief deprives the will of people to conquer or recuperate from addiction behavior. Hence, the above model is more of a spiritual and moral model as opposed to a therapeutic model.
How the Drug Lead to Defiant Behavior
Addiction is both psychological and physical autonomous on the mind-changing substance. In other words, it is known as the incontrollable use as well as autonomy on the psychoactive substance. The above two explanations of addiction elaborate on the psychological and behavioral alterations that take place as a consequence of recurrent and severe substance use. Cocaine is addictive and tends to change the normal functioning of the mental processes, alters behavior, and have a significant effect on an individual’s health.
Deviance behaviors that result from addiction can bring about catastrophic and detrimental repercussions to the person. It is true to say that drugs such as cocaine have amplified specific negative indications related to deviance that constitute aggression, antisocial, disengagement, and lying, among others. Cocaine is psychoactive and tends to change how people react to other people and the environment. As of this case, an individual who may otherwise be interested in certain events or people will become introverted and nose-dive to attain obligations and avert going to certain unique places or meet with other people. However, an individual who used to reside in the periphery of his or her social lines could be become withdrawn. The Drug would have taken over a crucial part of their life. Besides, the Drug will control the manner such people feel and what they are involved in. It is also worth noting that short of medication, support, and determination, the Drug may lead them to a way that has catastrophic effects.
Subculture That Implicated on the Cocaine Use
Cocaine use arises from contention of the underlying culture or subculture with which the addict is identified with. Cocaine is predominantly known as an illicit drug, and it is connected to various kinds of subcultures. Young people have induced a subculture and substance link. This kind of subculture has been rooted and enshrined within the sociology of deviance. This has seen the young deviance youth to use cocaine due to peer and college lifestyle consistently. Therefore, cocaine has been reinforced by the majority of teenagers who may adopt smoking precisely because it is identified as deviant behavior by the majority of similar institutional structures.
Regulation of Drug by the Society
Cocaine use has taken a tragic toll in the current society. The society has taken the mantle to regulate cocaine through campaigns programs by the government to prohibit the drugs. Potent suppression of production, as well as the criminalization of the substance use, supply, and proprietorship, have are among the efforts done to regulate the use of cocaine in the society. Regulation policies have been enacted to prevent drug institutions from producing drugs that cause addiction, such as cocaine, among other life-threatening events in users’ lives.
Reasons for and Against the Legalization of Cocaine
The most persuasive argument for the legalization of cocaine entails personal autonomy and freedom. The legalization of cocaine would mean that the government is infringing on the rights of people’s own lives and spaces. Natural laws state that people should be granted the right to make choices about their experiences. Thus, taking drugs should be considered a personal favorite of a person.
Besides, legalization implies a regulation. Since cocaine is considered an illegal drug restraining people from using the Drug would mean an increase in the black market. This will be against the guidelines and executions mechanisms of the legal commodities. Therefore, in case of drugs are delimited and standardized, which cut down on the level of toxins contained in the cocaine drugs.
The legalization of drugs would mean a proper intervention for the addiction. The decision to legalize drugs would ease the identification and treatment of people with addiction. It is thus essential to note that drug addiction is more of a medical issue as opposed to a criminal matter.
On the other hand, cocaine should be prohibited because it is a killer. In the U.S, the Drug Enforcement Administration has documented a surge in the number of deaths experienced by people as a result of cocaine use. The legalization of illicit drugs such as cocaine would mean escalated levels of addiction and more death cases.
Another reason for the prohibition of cocaine is that there will increase levels of users. The Drug is exceptionally addictive; hence millions of people will have to depend on it for consumption. All sorts of people in society will have to use drugs, including young people, due to addiction.Finally, cocaine should be prohibited to enhance the surge in social issue cases. Social problems such as violence, homicide, prostitution, and crimes are among the matters that result from drug addiction. Hence, thwarting legalization of cocaine is a liberal strategy to end such social vices in the society.
Main Areas of the Brain Affected by Cocaine
Like any other drug, cocaine affects critical areas of the brain. In particular, cocaine decrease the proper operation of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is the reason for undesirable decision making, inadequate self-insight, and incapability to acclimatize to adversesignificances of drugs. Also, it affects dopamine, which channels all communication processes. During communication, dopamine is propagated by a neuron to the synapse where it connects the dopamine receptors to the nearby neurons. Dopamine is reprocessed to the propagating neuroma through a transmitting neuron, and the presence of cocaine would mean blocking the reprocessing course, which results in the accumulation of the dopamine in the synapse.
How Society Prevent Cocaine Addiction
Society has thwarted addiction to cocaine by educating people to deal with the pressures of life. However, discouraging the adults and young people from experimenting with drugs due to peer influence is one way the society has managed to address cocaine addiction. Encouraging people across the board to initiate healthy habits though adopting a correct diet and regular exercise is the sole way to prevent cocaine addiction. Finally, establishing a close family relationship is a proper way to handle cocaine addiction.
How to Treat Dependence/ Abuse of Cocaine
Research statistics reveal that cocaine accounted for about 6 % of many admissions to drug abuse intervention programs. The treatment of cocaine should put into account the changes that take place in the brain and a wide range of familial, environmental, and social factors. Based on the factors mentioned above, both pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions, such as motivational incentives, are put into considerations.
Long-Term Effects of Cocaine.
The long-term impacts of cocaine mainly affect the brain and the body. Severe use of cocaine results in physical dependence, stroke, escalated tolerance, ulcers, and cardiovascular perils. Other long-term effects of cocaine include sexual issues such as infertility and damage to the reproductive organs. Besides, weight loss, extreme depression, tooth decay, a chronic deterioration of the heart and its blood vessels, and malnutrition.