Environment Conscious Buildings: simulated project ‘Rainwater Harvesting Buildings’
Executive Summary
This study considers the planning of environmentally friendly buildings. The study is critically considering the machine design procedure of simulated project ‘Rainwater Harvesting Buildings’ and planning of the project by utilizing special concepts in addition to principles. This study also highlights conceptual design phase of the project. This report is a brief study of optimization of programs, stability testing in addition to evaluation and also mentioned some human factors involved in the project. Common administration techniques found in the development in addition to an implementation of the environmentally-conscious buildings is also mentioned in this report.
Contents
Introduction 4
Conceptual Design 5
Conceptual Design strategy: 5
Methodology 6
Management of Rainwater Harvesting Buildings 7
Results 8
Discussion 9
FCL (Feedback Control Loop) 10
Human Factors involved in rainwater harvesting buildings 10
Optimization 10
Conclusion 11
Recommendations 12
References 13
Introduction
Construction of Rainwater harvesting building is regularly being acknowledged within a National standard of rain water resource management as well as planning. The equitable and sustainable supply of the water in urban cities with rising economies is actually a matter receiving the severe attention of several policy makers as well as governments in many countries. Therefore rainwater collection or harvesting is the simplest or most energy competent method to save water. Environmentally conscious buildings are prepared to store rainwater and this stored rainwater can utilized to filtered rainwater, more to flush toilets, clean cars, wash clothes, and another outer cleaning.
Setting: A simulated project is started for the designing of environmentally friendly building such as Rainwater Harvesting Building in a city which is located at an elevation of 925 meters above from the sea level and no perennial river is flowing inside 100 Kilometers of this city. The population of the city is estimated for the simulated project is about 6 million. Stipulation of water in this city is a big challenge for the government as well as for the water supplier departments and Sewerage Board. Therefore a water supply department starts a simulation project in which designing of an environmentally friendly building in which rainwater harvesting is done to save water.
Fig 1:Flowchart of RWH
Image Source:rainwaterresources.com
Conceptual Design
Rainwater Harvesting System: Rainwater harvesting means a process for the collection plus storage of the rainwater for upcoming productive utilization (Roebuck, Oltean-Dumbrava and Tait, 2014).
To design Rainwater harvesting buildings, materials were chosen and design according to a conceptual framework.
Conceptual Design strategy:
Determine the overall volume along with reliability and consistency of rainfall in a city and also calculate rainwater endowment.
Find out the methods of harvesting rain water and store it in roofs of environment-friendly buildings.
Understand the confine and utilize potential of superficial ground water plus deep groundwater.
Determine the water flows from several catchment surfaces for instance rooftops of buildings (Panigrahi, 2017).
Determine the finest methods and strategies of rainwater harvesting and optimize storage frameworks.
Understand the stake holder’s role in the procedure and their involvement towards rainwater storage.
Find out the price finances of rainwater storage in rooftops of buildings.
Determine the ICT: EC: campaign, legal framework, the training requirements and economic incentives essential to make buildings for rainwater harvesting in the city.
Methodology
Fig 2:Rainwater harvesting system
Image source: kicc.jp
Loft tank utilizing roof water storage and harvesting.
In this design, engineers will exhibits how rainwater stored in roofs of a building will be utilized for gradual consumption (Novak, 2014). In this blueprint, harvested roof rainwater is completely stored within a plastic loft water tank and then rainwater is easily transferred to houses in building with the help of pipes.
Step One: In this step roof rainwater harvesting via an exhaust pipe
Water reaped from the rooftop is gathered utilizing a drainpipe. These water drain pipes are common of 3cm in diameter and fit for 8 Kilograms of water weight. It costs approximately $ 10 for each foot introduced.
Step Two: Flush
An initial couple of liters of gathered rainwater when it begins raining might contain leaves and different contaminants. Engineers do whatever it takes not to utilize this water (Sargsian, 2012). When this area of the pipe is full, the overabundance floods to the water filtration channel. When rain water is fully stored in rooftops, the valve of flush is opened from a bottom and release all the accumulated water from the pipe (Mike, 2013).
Step Three: Loft tank
Space or loft water tank is situated at the main floor level. Rainwater gathered in this water tank is utilized directly in the building by utilizing an existing plumbing. Loft tank is prepared with PVC and with a capability of 300 liters. This loft tank cost is approximately $ 80.
Management of Rainwater Harvesting Buildings
Ceaseless development of populace and a subsequent developing requirement for rainwater storage building is a worldwide issue. In general, urban waste introduces a great arrangement of current natural difficulties: the requirement for practical and socially satisfactory specialized upgrades in rainwater harvesting buildings existing frameworks, the requirement for evaluation of the effect of those frameworks and the need to look for manageable arrangements (Matos, 2015).
Alternative rainwater supply resource for buildings: Elective water supply hotspot for structures, Effective utilization of rainwater from captured rainwater for additionally reuse presents one more option of sparing so valuable drinking water. Each building can possibly be utilized the captured water (Thomas, 2013). Surface region for captured rainwater is controlled by rooftop structure and other minimal surfaces from which the rainwater is depleted by drain pipes into a capacity reservoir. The most widely recognized kind of building utilized for captured water is the house.
Results
Construction Strategy
Water reaping is progressively critical in urban water administration techniques in Australia. Such types of buildings are considering having a critical role to play in ‘Upcoming Future Water’, the administration’s water methodology. The main alternative is reasonable in household buildings as the rainwater does not need to be pumped a huge distance. For bigger commercial buildings more than one rainwater storage tank will be utilized to store water (Jatiya and Hosokawa, 2014). Inventive tank blueprint implies that the gathered rainwater can be utilized in large volume within large buildings and water is stored in immense volume bladders, lattice tanks, slab tanks as a component of the environmentally conscious building structure, and also more ordinary Ferro-cement or glass fortified plastic subterranean tanks are used to store rainwater. Frequently there are advantages to measured quality, where a few tanks are connected together to upgrade water quality, increase the level of water stored in tanks, increase the volume of water and simply in a very cost effective manner (Wang and Zimmerman, 2015). Conflicting rainfall designs are cradled by complete scaling of the rainwater storage tank suitable.
Discussion
Rainwater harvesting techniques: The number of rainwater harvesting from the building rooftop can quickly take the position in cities, not just in rural Australia as well as also for all that’s need to capture this rainwater to direct the movement of rainwater from ceiling gutters to a well-defined rainwater storage bladder. As a result, rainwater will be collected and employed for numerous uses (Hye-Yeon Jeong, 2013).
Cost estimation: Rainwater harvesting strategies are site certain and hence it’s hard to give a generalized cost. But first of all, the key components of a rainwater harvesting system – water and catchment place are accessible and free from cost(Ward, Memon and Butler, 2012). An excellent amount of the costs would be for the tube connections. Typically, installing a water harvesting system in a creating might price between Rs.2,000 to 30,000 for buildings of approximately 300 sq. m.
Resource Planning Framework
A model presented by Government of Urban Cities named as environmental friendly Building Bye-Law will be used to manage the rising troubles of rainwater harvesting at rooftops of buildings (Ghailan, 2015). This law and several other policies must recognize that the stipulation of rainwater harvesting revives well inside the marked site. Bye-laws will assist architects and engineers to regulate as well as maintain an assured discipline about the administration and management of harvested rainwater with proper planning (Zhai, 2012).
FCL (Feedback Control Loop)
Feedback control loop will be utilized by rainwater harvesting building engineers and it is really an essential system as it is a management framework that frequently examines the procedures. it is in charge of to make necessary changes and that will enhance its efficiency of output of environmentally conscious buildings. Several engineers use this modern feedback control loop to monitor the success of rainwater harvesting system designed for large buildings.
Human Factors involved in rainwater harvesting buildings
The connection between the environmentally conscious building and human factor as well as sustainability is by all accounts obviously confirm for the most part in connection with a social measurement of sustainability, with a specific end goal to add to guarantee corporate social duty and worldwide esteem creation (Fukushige, 2015). Yet, the will to set up an equilibrated association among utilized assets in human exercises assisted by the supportability point of view, proves that the commitment of environmentally friendly buildings and human variables can be adequately developed to different viewpoints, particularly in connection with the building plan. Indeed a supportable building is intended to be a building that contributes through its qualities and property, to an economic improvement by guaranteeing, in a similar time, a lessening of assets utilize and natural effect and an expansion of well-being and security of the inhabitants utilize in the preparation of rainwater harvesting buildings.
Optimization
A huge scope is there for the improvement in enhancing the framework or rainwater harvesting systems in buildings making it proficient and compelling. The Legislature is offering help by financing the framework and giving 2500 Liters stockpiling tank. In spite of the fact that there are no national gauges or standards for rain water gathering and its utilization, recently the national government has understood the requirement for setting up rules for local rain water collecting and its operations (Bourrelle, Andresen and Gustavsen, 2013). The national office of WHO was asked for, to broaden assistance by the method for giving the specialized ability to create draft rules for a reception. The water-investment funds potential, dependability of water supply, budgetary advantages and the sufficiency of the ebb and flow government sponsorship for an RWHS in a withdrew house at ten unique areas in Greater Sydney, Australia. It was discovered that the normal yearly water-sparing from a rainwater harvesting system in a building was emphatically connected with the normal yearly precipitation. The exhibitions of a rainwater harvesting system in a building in light of 46 locales inside the Australian domain, similarly dispersed among five primary atmosphere zones relied on Koppen– Geiger grouping. A behavioral framework was actualized as well as one-dimensional patterns were utilized to reasonably think about the framework execution under different ecological and operational conditions (Akpinar Ferrand and Cecunjanin, 2014).
Conclusion
This study concludes that rainwater harvesting and storage buildings are well known alternate for supply of rainwater in Australia due to water shortages. This suggests that rainwater potential should be maximized and quantified. Rain Harvesting Houses are recognized as a fresh substitute water resource in integrated water resources planning. It is therefore essential to measure the potential Rain Harvesting Houses at a national level. To generate a more sensible evaluation of the Rain Harvesting Houses potential, three ideas relevant to the quantification of Rain Harvesting Houses potential, particularly, the theoretical, available, and environmental acceptable potential was proposed and described based on the climatic, making characteristic, economic, and ecological areas of Rain Harvesting Houses in Australia.
Recommendations
Start an IEC –Data, education and transmission – campaign.
Produce demonstration effect through model tasks
Get legitimate procedures to present rain harvesting for structures and industries compulsorily
Produce Incentives through financial procedures such as for instance subsidies, loans or reduced water bills
Teach architects, technicians and plumbers
Budget for rain harvesting mandatorily in all sectors
References
Akpinar Ferrand, E. and Cecunjanin, F. (2014). Potential of Rainwater Harvesting in a Thirsty World: A Survey of Ancient and Traditional Rainwater Harvesting Applications. Geography Compass, 8(6), pp.395-413.
Bourrelle, J., Andresen, I. and Gustavsen, A. (2013). Energy payback: An attributional and environmentally focused approach to energy balance in net zero energy buildings. Energy and Buildings, 65, pp.84-92.
FUKUSHIGE, S., TONOIKE, K., INOUE, Y. and UMEDA, Y. (2015). D23 Product Modularization and Evaluation Based on Lifecycle Scenarios(Life cycle engineering and environmentally conscious manufacturing). Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21, 2009.5(0), pp.511-516.
Ghailan, A. (2015). Rainwater Harvesting in Iraq(2005 JRCSA Forum|Panel Discussion). Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems, 11(2), pp.43-50.
Hye-Yeon Jeong (2013). The Effect of Environmentally Conscious Logistics on Logistics Performance. Korean Journal of Logistics, 18(2), pp.5-20.
Jatiya, V. and Hosokawa, T. (2014). Significance of Rainwater Harvesting in Mega-diversity Water Resource Country : Australia. Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems, 10(1), pp.21-28.
Matos, C., Bentes, I., Santos, C., Imteaz, M. and Pereira, S. (2015). Economic Analysis of a Rainwater Harvesting System in a Commercial Building. Water Resources Management, 29(11), pp.3971-3986.
Mike, M. (2013). Environmentally-conscious gypsum dewatering. Filtration & Separation, 42(3), pp.24-25.
Novak, C., Giesen, G., DeBusk, K. and Rutkowski, M. (2014). Designing rainwater harvesting systems. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Panigrahi, D. (2017). Roof-Top rainwater harvesting system for official / multistoried building with reference to malda district, WB. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 07(01), pp.111-115.
Roebuck, R., Oltean-Dumbrava, C. and Tait, S. (2014). Whole life cost performance of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in the United Kingdom. Water and Environment Journal, 25(3), pp.355-365.
Sargsian, Z. (2012). The Good Guy of Corporations: B Corporations and the Efficiencies of an Environmentally and Socially Conscious Entity. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Thomas, T. (2013). Domestic water supply using rainwater harvesting. Building Research & Information, 26(2), pp.94-101.
Wang, R. and Zimmerman, J. (2015). Economic and Environmental Assessment of Office Building Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Various Australia Cities. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(3), pp.1768-1778.
Ward, S., Memon, F. and Butler, D. (2012). Performance of a large building rainwater harvesting system. Water Research, 46(16), pp.5127-5134.
Zhai, J., Luo, Y., Xiao, H. and He, Q. (2012). Rainwater Harvesting and Reuse in Sustainable Building: A Design Case Study of Australia. Advanced Materials Research, 446-449, pp.2848-2854.