Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
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Terrorism
Explain the dangers of restricting freedom in the name of security
Primarily, restrictions on freedom have a significant impact on the economy. Freedom restrictions usually affect the movement of capital, goods, services, and other economic factors (Piazza and James, 58). This way, workers and investors are limited to move to the areas with economic needs, thus limiting economic development. Also, restricting freedom limits citizens from achieving personal development. This practice discourages individuals from interacting with other communities beyond their geographical boundaries. Thereby, fewer interactions with various individuals limit people’s ability to grow their perspectives.
Differentiate between civil liberties and human rights
Ideally, civil liberties are freedoms that are guaranteed to citizens by the constitutional framework to protect them from an oppressive government (Ramchandra et al., 55). They include freedom of speech, religion, and movement, which are essentially backed by the bill of rights in a particular country. On the other hand, human rights are fundamental legal provisions given to all people by being a human being. This includes the right to life, expression, and other vital rights inherent to all human beings.
List the controversial powers granted to the government by the USA PATRIOT Act.
Primarily, the government violated the citizen’s right to privacy, especially after allowing the FBI to conduct warrantless searches. Also, the government violated people’s freedom of speech and association. This was evident when the FBI was allowed to conduct searches on the target without necessarily having a judicial review.
Summarize the limitations placed on law enforcement in the USA FREEDOM Act
Essentially, this Act focused on ending the intense surveillance that was performed in law enforcement. This way, information obtained using the CDR program was only accessed by the government when investigating targeted numbers (Ramchandra et al., 55). The Act also limited the government from intruding on the privacy of its citizens. Increased surveillance and control of the citizens’ communications were significantly affected. Thus, such information was only to be handled by the communication providers and not the government.
List constitutional issues that affect homeland security
While Homeland security focuses on promoting security in America, some of its activities limit citizens’ civil rights. For instance, increased invasions on targets undermine the privacy of the citizens. Additionally, when security officials are empowered to access personal properties without appropriate identification (Ramchandra et al., 55). Such actions are constitutionally unacceptable since they degrade human rights.
Summarize how the Bill of Rights impacts law enforcement
The bill of rights identifies the inherent human rights of the citizens in a particular nation. This way, the law enforcement team is able to understand them and protect the citizens from abuse. It also provides a framework of how the law enforcement team perceives crime (Ramchandra et al., 55). Thereby, they are able to provide relevant security measures that promote the sovereignty of citizens.
Cite the issues surrounding executive power to combat terrorism
The executive members are often accused of excessive use of power against the public (Qadri and Syed, 92). This happens when law enforcement agencies practice discrimination, especially on Muslim believers. Since the previous terrorist attacks on the US have often involved individuals who happen to be Muslim believers, society has adopted the culture of victimizing innocent citizens. Also, the executive has created increased immigration policies that hinder relevant individuals into the country. With increased industrial development in the US, the country needs various investors and workers to develop the economy. However, some of the immigration policies limit such individuals.
Explain the due process in the Fourteenth Amendment
Primarily, this is the law of the land where each country derives its power and exerts it within laid down key principles that focus on liberty and justice (Ramchandra et al., 60). Significantly, the people in that nation have the ultimate power of creating and altering those laws to match their current needs. This way, laws within a country are able to be implemented and regulated by political and civil institutions that ensure the sovereignty of the citizens.
Describe courts’ responses to attempts to counter-terrorism with increased governmental executive branch power
The US courts have created measures against terror activities (Ramchandra et al., 60). This is often experienced by the harsh sentences made against individuals involved in such crimes. Presently, most courts offer lifetime jail sentences to these individuals. Also, the executive has various measures to fight against terrorism. For instance, the great American terrorist Osama bin Laden was killed by the security agencies without any judicial assessment. Such actions against terrorists are not defined as illegal by the courts. This was significantly evident when the issue was not addressed within American society.
Summarize emerging criminal justice scholarship focusing on governmental power
The increasing need for criminal justice information has resulted in various sponsorship programs in America (Qadri and Syed, 101). For instance, through Homeland security, the government has provided various sponsorships on cyber studies, intelligence, and other undergraduate sponsorships under the Homeland security field. This way, most members are motivated to venture into various programs.
Describe the relationship between homeland security and community policing
Homeland Security focuses its operations on ensuring local law enforcement processes at the community level. Community policing increases the local, state, and tribal law enforcement officers’ involvement in eradicating extremist ideologies by providing education at the community level. This practice is vital in the overall mission of Homeland Security.
Define the importance of community partnerships
Community partnerships provide various forms of problem-solving approaches that promote proactive involvement in addressing various crimes in the community (Farag and Wael, 17). Also, such partnerships promote unity within the society, enabling individuals to share common goals, which is essentially eradicating crime. Finally, community partnerships enable law enforcement officers to develop an effective communication framework that helps them manage various societal issues.
Discuss the dangers of militarizing police work
Militarizing police work often understands opposing civilians as an enemy to the nation, which is not always the case (Qadri and Syed, 101). This mindset enables them to work towards eliminating individuals using unconstitutional actions. This way, they end up abusing the rights of its citizens and supporting inhuman acts. Also, militarizing police work weakens the civilian’s image of the law enforcement team. Since they do not respect their rights, civilians perceive them incapable of protecting them. Finally, militarizing police work increases the rate of crime within the society, instead of reducing it. This is often the case in the United States, especially on the racial minority population.
Outline the methods of law enforcement agencies use to obtain military equipment.
The LESO/1033 program allows law enforcement agencies to access military sourced programs (Qadri and Syed, 99). This program defines how the law enforcement team uses the military property. Also, the government sponsors various military equipment. This way, they are provided with relevant tools to ensure they effectively perform their operations.
List problems caused when tactical units are routinely used for drug enforcement efforts.
Primary, the law enforcement officers involved are often accused of victimizing innocent citizens (Farag and Wael, 19). This is brought about by the primitive culture that associates the black community with drug involvement. Also, police officers often use force when performing their operations. This usually involves unconstitutional murder towards the victims.
Describe the importance of information sharing in the future
Primarily, information sharing promotes a relevant understanding of crime (Qadri and Syed, 99). This way, Homeland security is able to provide efficient and relevant security services to protect the well-being of the people. Also, information sharing enables the law enforcement team to access the necessary details pertaining to a crime. This helps them to offer early interventions and to prevent crime. Finally, information sharing enables the security agencies to keep records of social events or activities. This way, they will be able to predict crime patterns or develop a relevant framework to curb criminal actions.
Outline methods for overcoming barriers to information sharing
Essentially, Homeland security should promote the culture of information sharing in society (Qadri and Syed, 99). This involves putting in place various systems to ensure information is shared once accessed. This way, the security team will be informed early enough to prevent crime. Also, security agencies should educate and involve the public in the information sharing processes. This enables them to understand their role in helping police officers to promote security in the community.
Summarize potential problems caused by public-private partnerships
Poor communication frameworks are prone to promoting misinformation among the teams. Most often, in this relationship, each team has various roles to perform (Farag and Wael, 31). This way, two groups may experience poor communications that may affect their operations on promoting security. Also, the groups may experience conflicts of interest, whereby each team focuses on individual measures that do not go hand in hand with the common goals. Thereby, the groups will be less effective in their common objectives.
Describe probable directions in future terrorist attacks
Since the 9/11 attack in the United States, Homeland security has focused on various procedures to prevent future attacks (Farag and Wael, 33). This includes increased immigration policies that promote significant scrutiny before accessing the US. Also, the United States has invested in upgrading the technology involved in security promotion to eliminate cyber-attacks and other crimes. Despite that, modern technology is often growing to meet the various needs of terrorists and other crime perpetrators. The expansiveness of technology may limit the country’s activities in preventing future crimes.
Work Cited
Farag, Wael Zakaria. “American security strategy towards terrorism after September 11 attacks.” Review of Economics and Political Science (2020).
Piazza, James A. “The determinants of domestic right-wing terrorism in the USA: Economic grievance, societal change and political resentment.” Conflict management and peace science 34.1 (2017): 52-80.
Qadri, Syed Nasser. Framing terrorism and migration in the USA: the role of the media in securitization processes. Diss. University of Glasgow, 2020.
Ramchandra, gaikwad arun. “comparative study of anti terrorism laws with respect to human rights protection in india usa and uk.” (2018).