Final history
- The Mamluk sultanate took over Egypt and other regions including Syria and the Hijaz from the Ayyubids. The Mamluks who were generally slave soldiers took over Egypt after launching a crusader invasion along Nile Delta which led to the assassination of al-Mu’azzam Turanshah, the last Ayyubid ruler. Muhammed Ali was a de facto leader of Egypt and an Albanian Ottoman governor. During his rule, he controlled upper and lower Egypt, parts of Arabia, Sudan, and the entire Levant. His attempt to concur the Ottoman empire failed due to European intervention and he was forced to compromise the Levant during a peace treaty. During the treaty, Ali and his posterity were given a hereditary rule over Sudan and Egypt, a dynasty that fell during the 1952 evolution. During his reign, he built the first largest mosque on the summit of Citadel. He built the mosque as a commemoration of Tusun Pasha, his eldest son who died in 1816. The architect of the mosque was Yusuf Bushnak and the land in which it was built was prepared using debris from Citadel’s earlier buildings.
- The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities also called Museum of Cairo or the Egyptian Museum is situated in Cairo, Egypt. Additionally, the museum was designed by a French architect called Marcel Dourgnon and was built at the beginning of the nineteenth century by an Italian construction firm known as Garozzo-Zaffarani. The museum stores thousands of Egyptian ancient relics, some in the display, while others are in store. Some of the significant artefacts in the museum are the statue of King Akhenaten, the sculpture of Tutankhamun created from cedar woods and coated with gold and a mummy of a child holding a glass vase. Egyptian monuments including tombs, pyramids, the treasures of Tutankhamun, and temples are a source of attraction of domestic and foreign tourists. Therefore, the attraction sites generate revenue through charges incurred in such places, and the money is used in improving the country’s economy.