FULLY AUTOMATED CAR CASE STUDY REPORT
Tutor Name
Content List
Executive summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3
Analysis and interpretation of the ethical dilemma……………………………………………………………….3
Use of ethical approaches and models…………………………………………………………………………………4
Application of the ACS code requirements………………………………………………………………………….4
Analysis beyond the specified sub-tasks……………………………………………………………………………..6
Proposed resolution of the dilemma……………………………………………………………………………………6
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
Executive summary
An electric car company has its business in making semi-automated cars by using artificial intelligence system. After successful execution of the cars and a consecutive sales record of one year, the company decided to implant fully-automated cars into the market. The company staffs strongly believe the past records and don’t feel to follow any guidelines and modeling tests before implementing the decision. The artificial intelligence advisor, John, has the responsibility to look after the situations of the company as a representative of his company. The whole report illustrates the ethical dilemma to be followed by the company as per the Australian Computer Society. (ACS) With a systematized explanation the report will focus to facilitate a different solution to the probable circumstances to be faced by the electric car company.
Introduction
The report is based on the case scenario of an electric car company which is successfully running its semi-automated cars in the market. Now the company is deciding to introduce its fully-automated driverless cars into the market to give its competitors a tough competition. But the problem is rather than making a proper test of future incidental situations the company has decided to initiate the installation as per the previous record and tests of semi-automated cars only. John, an artificial Intelligence system consultant, is appointed by his company to look after the technological platform of the electric car company and help in giving significant advice. The detailed report will demonstrate the various problems and the available solutions for it.
Analysis and interpretation of the ethical dilemma
The proposed dilemma of automated cars is based on a driver-less technology. The electric company is eager to introduce its cars in the market, as it thinks that its cars will be highly accepted in the market. The phenomenon of installing the cars is needed to be analyzed before taking an appropriate step (Lloyd & Forster, 2014). John’s Proposal for modeling of artificial incidents before installing the cars into the market is highly well defined. John’s expertise knowledge as an Artificial Intelligence expert is highly needed to be followed by the company to face minimum future circumstances. The ethics to be followed by pushing the cars into the market contain some guidelines and rules prescribed by the Australian Computer Society (ACS) (ACS, 2014). It is noted here that the electric car company is associated with using the artificial intelligence in its fully computerized automated-driverless cars in the Australian economic environment. This scenario is fully associated with the ACS standards and all the ethical dilemma ACS prescribes have to be followed by the electric car company (Fagnant & Kockelman, 2015). On the other hand, the confidence of the staffs of the electric car company is totally unethical as their view is directly constituted with probable death occurring accidents. To beat the competitive challenge from their competitors, the company finally opted for testing the situations after the release of their cars into the market only. The situation may create much accident that directly connected with life and death situations. There is also another possibility that, the drivers of many cabs and taxis will go jobless, which is directly related to economic circumstances. The electric car company should find a better solution to face the future circumstances resourcefully (Bonnefon, 2016).
Use of ethical approaches and models
From one year the company has successfully placed its semi-automated cars with a less driver intervention. This scenario has given a strong confidence in the company to go for fully automated as the technology used by the Artificial Intelligence System (AIS). Still both the consequences differ from each other. In the first situation, the driver is the alternative for any accident prone circumstances (Hakim, 2001). In the second one, it is quite different as the total driving consequences depend upon the artificial intelligence system used in the car only. The purpose of the models is to get the surety about the actual strength of the AIS. Once the surety derived from the modeling, it would be easy for John and the company to market the fully automated cars without any hassle (Keay & Simmonds, 2006).
The accident possibilities are on its high at fully automated AIS, as there would not be any manual steering control option to regulate the car at the time of emergency. The previous semi-automated AIS have the option to control the driving system manually which the fully automated AIS haven’t (Prieto et. al., 2014). John has emphasized to make the modeling first before delivering the fully automated car into the market. He suspects that the future situations related to the fully automated cars could create hindrances that would be out of control by the company.
Application of the ACS code requirements
The ACS codes are based on being professional and keeping dignity in the market and the society. The business should not affect the social system, and the consumers should get maximum benefit rather than any risk of probable negative circumstances. To maintain law and order in the Australian continent, ACS facilitates six types of codes to be maintained to keep the dignity of being a responsible organization (ACS, 2014). These six types of codes are-:
The primacy of the public interest: – This code need to give importance to the public interests and the products or services delivered should prove in satisfying the need and requirements. This statement also defines to maintain stability in the harmful effects of the company on the Society or any other organization.
The enhancement of quality of life: – The purpose behind the use of ICT is not only to gain a higher profit but also to be sure that the people are getting the actual benefit of the utilization of the ICT-enabled products and services. The health and safety should not get affected by the usage of the products if do; it is the responsibility of the firm to minimize it as soon as possible.
Honesty: – Honesty is the act of keeping the trust of stakeholders. The expectations of the stakeholders from an organization are based on different needs and wishes. The organization should not involve in bribery, cheating, and mislead activities or should not protest them in the organizational culture. The payment to the supplier, staffs, and creditors shouldn’t be neglected in any case.
Competence: – This guideline explains that the organization should perform the activities within the expertise area and competence only. The organizational value, mission, and vision statement have their importance in specifying the work activities. Performing beyond these can attract uncertain business risk and will bring the failure of the entire business.
Professional development: – This requirement of ACS codes focuses on making an image of own that attract others to ask for advice and consultation in tackling different business circumstances. Being updated and up-to-date with optimum advanced technology and appropriate strategy can help in performing the professional consulting activities. This will help an organization in developing the professional value in the corporate sector as well as in the society.
Professionalism: – Professionalism is the vision of every organization that to prove the value statement with optimum market share and customer satisfaction. This can’t be done with unfair activities but only possible with a true value of dedication and technological advancement. The complex market scenario of the twenty-first century need the firms who can adjust themselves to changing trends and market situations. A true professional always think about providing the best service to the society. Profit making is not the sole aim but creating an innovative platform in making strategies and implementing them in a best possible way is. In a real situation, either the result will be shown as earning a leading name at the corporate level or getting negative feedback that may tarnish the fame.
Analysis beyond the specified sub-tasks
The ACS code requirements clearly specify the ethical rules to be followed for the society. The electric car company should also keep in mind all the guidelines of the codes and should perform different sub-tasks which are related to solving the dilemma. The first point is it should perform maximum modeling and situational activities to taste the actual performance of the ACS rather than only believing in the paper (Barnard, 2015). Another point is the fully-automated driving system shouldn’t make any confusion in the mind of people to acquire it. As if the company gets passed in the modeling tests, the big task for it is to minimize the fear in the mind of the people regarding the accident possibility. As it has already successfully introduced and marketed its semi-automated driving cars, which will have a positive impact on the fully-automated promotional activities (Picard et. al, 2001).
Proposed resolution of the dilemma
The dilemma of the situation is to make a driving system full of safe and secure without creating any critical situations. The company’s dilemma of making the model tests after installing the cars in the market may harmful for its future course of actions and may tarnish its entire business. It can’t be said that the semi-automated vehicles had no accident record so that the fully-automated vehicles would give the same result. Other than the consultation of John as an AIS expert, the company should also take the opinion and feedback for its decision; it may help in making a wise decision (Stern, 2013).
Conclusion
It is a good step for the company to facilitate the society with a high-end technological platform with the use of AIS, but the uncertain risk associated with the decision should be taken care of. Rather than focusing on the positive effects of the proposal, the negative impacts should be considered and minimized as more as possible. The succession would help the company to compete with the other marketers available in the market.
References
ACS. (2014). ACS code of professional conduct. Retrieved from https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/ACS%20Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf.
Barnard, M. (2015). Tesla Has The Right Approach To Self-Driving Cars | CleanTechnica. Retrieved from https://cleantechnica.com/2015/11/05/tesla-right-approach-self-driving-cars/.
Bonnefon, J.-F., Shariff, A., & Rahwan, I. (2016). The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science, 352(6293), 1573–1576.
Fagnant, D. J., & Kockelman, K. (2015). Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and policy recommendations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 77, 167–181.
Hakim, S., Shefer, D., Hakkert, A. S., & Hocherman, I. (1991). A critical review of macro models for road accidents. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 23(5), 379–400.
Keay, K., & Simmonds, I. (2006). Road accidents and rainfall in a large Australian city. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38(3), 445–454.
Lloyd, L. K., & Forster, J. J. (2014). Modeling trends in road accident frequency – Bayesian inference for rates with uncertain exposure. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 73, 189–204.
Picard, R. W., Vyzas, E., & Healey, J. (2001). Toward machine emotional intelligence: Analysis of affective physiological state. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 23(10), 1175–1191.
Prieto, F., Gómez-Déniz, E., & Sarabia, J. M. (2014). Modeling road accident blackspots data with the discrete generalized Pareto distribution. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 71, 38–49.
Stern, B. (2013). The Ethics of Saving Lives With Autonomous Cars Is Far Murkier Than You Think. Wired.Com, 1–7.