Global Resilience
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Institution
Introduction
Global resilience can be defined as the persistence of doing things regardless of changes that can change the healthy environment. The ultimate goal and objectives of global resilience are to maintain happiness through love between human beings by reducing or eliminating those factors that cause pain, suffering, and other various problems in human life. Sometimes, disruptions occur in human life that it is very hard to avoid; however, the purpose of Global resilience is to establish processes and mechanisms through which human beings will overcome challenges and sufferings. The objective of Global resilience solely acts to maintain consistency when initiating various projects of an organization. Various authors have defined resilience as “a strategy of acquiring, producing, and utilizing resources to advance to the desired position, which in most cases is close to the equilibrium an individual, community, or human-related system maintains regularly.”
The current world is faced with a lot of challenges of plagues, nuclear materials, war, famine, as well as human factors that are threats to human life existence. Essentially, it is the core factors that are depicted by human beings while confronting challenges; in this regard, it is about confidence and a sense of purpose. According to C.S. Holling, “A measure of the persistence of systems and their ability to absorb change and disturbance and still maintain the same relationships between populations or state variables.” The purpose of this essay is to deduce the various through which Global resilience has addresses the issues of Nuclear energy, plagues, and reduction of violence to make a world a better place for human beings.
Plague mitigation
According to the World Health organization, a plague is a disease brought about by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, a zoonotic bacteria. These bacteria causing plague are mainly found in mammals and fleas. Human beings can get plague through being bitten by infected vector fleas. Global resilience through various health agencies’ efforts to reduce epidemics is yielding progress. According to WHO, the plagues facts are as follows:
- Antibiotics can effectively be used to treat plagues.
- Worldwide facts indicate that, from 2010-2015, the total number of cases reported was 3248; in addition to this number, only 584 people died.
- African countries are the most affected according to the recent statistics conducted by WHO; the top-most endemic nations include DRC, Madagascar, and Peru in South America.
One example of a severe plague that leads to death, if not treated on time, is pneumonia. It has a case fatality of 30-100% when they are not treated early enough. In the 1300s, Bubonic plague struck Europe and some parts of Asia; it happened when 12 ships arrived at the Sicilian port of Messina (Bramanti, 2016). People were surprised after noticing several sailors found dead on the ship, Sicilian Government commanded the ships out of their harbors, but it was already late. In this era, the world is prepared with combating various epidemics that may strike the world; however, much is still going on.
History on plagues without the data on smallpox is an incomplete history of epidemics. Smallpox was very severe, with studies indicating that it killed about 30% of all those infected with the disease (Matillano, 2019). America was the hardest hit; America had not been exposed to such problems before, until the Spaniards and Portuguese period. At that time, smallpox was termed as a biological weapon. Lord Jeffrey Amherst, heading the war in Northern America, advised his lieutenants to give out blankets infected with smallpox to kill the Native Americans (Bramanti, 2016). Global resilience is determined to limit the use of biological weapons through the use of plagues. Edward Jenner, in 1796, developed the vaccine that begun to end the existence of the vaccine.
As part of the mitigation procedures, WHO has different procedures for combating plagues from different regions globally. WHO has established detailed strategies for the Indian sub-continent, South-America, and Sub-Saharan Africa. WHO has set various guidelines which include the following.
- Determining the origin and putting a stop on the infection is part of preventing and controlling procedures.
- Health workers are made to undergo thorough training in prevention and control. Health workers in straight interaction with pneumonic epidemic sick individuals must adhere to regular safety measures and obtain chemoprophylaxis with antibiotics for seven days or at least as long as they contact the infected people.
- It is necessary to administer the correct medicine to the patients exposed to the various pandemic.
- Surveillance is essential in determining the origin, spread, among other measures, to control the spread of the disease.
- Like the current COVID-19, there is a need for proper burial procedures to reduce more spread of plagues.
- It is necessary for continuous disinfection thorough washing of hands and sanitization. Enough running water and soap is the need for washing hands; a small amount of alcohol is needed as part of the disinfection of plagues.
- WHO is also concerned with getting specimen, which must be obtained through proper infection procedures, and taken for laboratory tests.
Global Resilience and Social Stability
Millennium development goals advocates for the transformation of people living standards through a set of goals and objectives which include as:
- Empowering teachers and young people to be essential stakeholders in the community, these two groups of individuals are considered the real people who can drive economic change.
- They are introducing the learning platform for suggestions raised in the Sustainable Development Goals of 2015.
- They are ensuring that there is a collaboration of curriculum activities with issues related to social transformations. Subjects such as geography and religious education are highly related to teaching and guiding social transformation issues.
Various regions across the world have been associated with the transformation of people’s lives; there is a potential landscape that facilitates bettering human life examples in Wales and Scotland in the UK. World food program (WFP) has partnered with many countries through research centers and institutions to come up with the means of ensuring food security in the countries in providing food for its people. WFP discusses the food issue through a broad perspective, the climate being part of the issue. In detail analysis, the climate topic is discussed in the following means:
- Getting the full knowledge on the linkage between changes in climate and how it can affect food security.
- WFP strives to Identify specific individuals in different regions that are most affected by food insecurity.
- Monitor strategies and activities to organize for climate-related tragedies with an opinion to bring down weather-related nutrition uncertainty.
WFP has indicted the various ways climate change results in shortages of food for the current world and even future populations. Various parts of the world depict different patterns of food nourishment. For example, in Kyrgyzstan, people depend on small scale farming to support their villages. However, this study recognized family unit reliant on small-scale cultivation, untrained earnings labor, and social stipends as most helpless. WFP also works with local Metrological Headquarters, countrywide specialists, and groups to better comprehend local wants and over contemplate various socio-economic, native, and gender concerns.
Technology has enabled an increase in food productions through mechanization. The current world, food production, is a combination of physical tools and technology; tractors, phones, and computers are jointly made to complete the farming. In the 21st century, the industrial revolution and the beginning of the Internet of Things in which the internet is linking electronic gadgets and things at an exceptional speed drive agricultural advancement into another level (McGaw, 2019). According to records in the US, an ordinary American farmer possesses an average of 434 acres, according to a 2012 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey. Electronic sensors are used to monitor information about their farms. Through the information presented by USDA, “Farmers no longer have to apply water, fertilizers, and pesticides uniformly across entire fields. Instead, they can use the minimum quantities required and target very specific areas or even treat individual plants differently.”
No doubt, technology has been used to boost food production. The Internet is used to detect problems, send data, and assist in solving various issues related to farming. Drones have extensively been used to perform various activities to boost food production and reduce workload in their farms. According to Melissa Jun Rowley in her article “Farm Tech Revolution,” “At the end of the day, drones can detect things the naked eye can’t like pests, disease, weeds, and fertility.” In America, mechanization is extensively applied to boost production. All over the world, farmers are urged to adopt technology for production.
Automation is what transforming the real world. Smart farming currently makes food abundance in most parts of the world, especially in developing countries. An increasing number of companies specifically manufacture robots, self-directed tractors, robotic harvesters, programmed watering, and seeding robots (McGaw, 2019). Global resilience is increasingly applied in modern farming through the use of skills stretching from robotics and drones to computer visualization software have changed current farming. Recent statics in livestock farming shows tremendous advancement (McGaw, 2019). The new advancement extends from nutritional perceptive to artificial insemination (genetics). The idea of the ‘connected cow’ is an outcome of more dairy herds being fixed with detectors to observe healthiness and raise productivity. It can expand the output and wellbeing of cattle by sensing sickening beasts and perceptively identifying room for development. Computer vision permits farmers to have all kinds of impartial statistics that will get concise into expressive, actionable comprehensions—information-driven resolution-making hints to improved, additional effective, and appropriate choices to progress cattle flocks production.
Global Resilience and Social Cohesion in Conflict
As much as the concept of Global resilience is effective in conflict resolution, it is a new strategy used to solve war issues. According to Linton Wells, in a report presented to US Institute of Peace report, they explain of resilience as: “it is a method through which able to absorb, adapt, or transform itself through self‐organization and learning to maintain its basic function (peace) in response to violent shocks and long‐term stressors buffeting the system,” Linton wells add more definition of resilience by adding spectrum as, “proactive pre‐crisis preparations and risk mitigation, effective incident management, and leveraging whatever shocks occur to build back better” (Taleb, 2014; Wells, 2017).
The conventional method of peacebuilding is for the utmost share premised on defining explanations to fragility. In this regard, conflict study is the method through which programs and policies are derived. Global resilience focuses on determining the extent through which the conflict has extended. Responses are developed after analyzing the causes of the conflict, after which solutions can be suggested (Taleb, 2014; Wells, 2017). While handling the conflict issues, peace ambassadors should try and assess the fragility of the conflict. Assuming the concept of fragility may break all the achieved effort. However, the resilience approach in the peacebuilding process uses strong elements; this is because, even in the warring society, there are individuals determined to build peace.
Today, resilience defines peace establishing process by transforming society; resilience points out that the process of conflict resolution is about eliminating violence and establishing social changes by championing inclusion. Resilience has enabled the reduction of wars and conflicts through prevention by pointing out the possible causes of violence (Calo-Blanco et at., 2017). In this Resilience, valuations seek to ascertain the previously existing abilities and strong point in society, comprising specific character traits, cohesion networks of societies, and alternative livelihood strategies. There are many strategies for assessing resilience in building a society that is free from violence. Interpeace launched the Frameworks for Assessing Resilience (FAR) was established in 2014, which focused its effort on peacebuilding missions. Instead of solving conflicts by assessing challenges, however, FAR concentrates in strengthening the existing methods of
Properties, abilities, policies, processes, and structures permit persons, societies, and citizens to overcome the legacy of a previous fierce war, speak on present violence and factors that are a risk to peace, and eventually stop an upcoming violent war.
Global resilience in the peacekeeping mission is a broad topic that has been addressed by several bodies all over the world. United Nations is the largest and most outstanding body, resulting from global contributions from different countries from many parts of the world. The UN peacekeeping body is the largest section of the UN. For nearly 70 years, the UN soldiers have made a tremendous effort in peacekeeping. They have brought and maintain peace in most broken societies and war-torn nations all over the world. Peacekeeping troops defend citizens, aggressively thwart battles, decrease violence, reinforce safety, and invest national authorities to undertake these tasks. The UN has helped countries to be more resilient to wars and conflict. Peacekeeping does not end after violence has stopped. The UN goes further to establish a mechanism through which countries and societies will achieve long-term peace and tranquility, which involves identifying the main causes of the problem. An effective relationship between the UN secretariat, the UN Security Council, and the member states have effectively maintained peace for many years. The achievement of the UN has been possible by using current technology.
Combating Nuclear Energy
Combating nuclear energy production doesn’t mean that the form of energy has to be eliminated. Nuclear power is considered as one of the safest means of producing electricity after hydroelectric production. Cornel Feruta, IAEA Acting Director-General, says, “today at the opening of the International Conference on Climate Change and the Role of Nuclear Power.” Nuclear power companies producing energy emit very minimal carbon emission. As per now, nearly 30 countries are in control of over 449 power plants responsible for nuclear production. Making that transition will be a major challenge,” Mr. Feruta said. “It is difficult to see how the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved without a significant increase in nuclear power use in the coming decades.” Besides, according to William D. Magwood, IV, Director-General of the NEA, “Finding the right approach to long-term, economic and reliable electricity supply is the central challenge to the DE carbonization of the future global economy,” Mr. Magwood said. “A vision of the future that incorporates variable renewable energy sources and cost-effective, advanced nuclear energy in a balance based on economic reality is one path to success.”
However, when nuclear weapons are used to fight wars, the arsenal has the most devastating human life. Nuclear weapons are the most destructive weapon to human life, which has been ever created by human beings (Prăvălie, & Bandoc, 2018). Regarding the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a single drop of a nuclear bomb can kill millions of people. It is not only about the immediate deaths from a nuclear attack; nuclear radiation has long-term effects. Attacking many parts of the world using nuclear bombs will certainly change the world climate, which may result in a long-term drought. The impact of nuclear materials include:
- One drop of a nuclear bomb can destroy nearly the whole city; several attacks of the same may result in loss of lives in millions.
- Once it has lounged, nuclear destruction cannot be combated by the military. The effects are adverse.
- Nuclear artilleries result in ionizing radiation that may kill or sickens individuals exposed to this radiation pollutes the atmosphere and has long-term health magnitudes, which constitutes cancer and genetic destruction.
- Nuclear energy exposure has devastating results in the long-term effect of climate. It results in global warming, which leads to famine and floods. The US and Russia’s possession of the nuclear material will certainly destroy the natural ecosystem that all lives depend on.
- Extreme radiations in places affected will make it is difficult for health personnel to offer humanitarian assistance. Health workers are no exception when it comes to nuclear radiation.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established in 1957, was predicted as a surety satisfactory and equivalent fund of nuclear material to countries that belonged to this body and have a tool to defend using nonviolent means of nuclear energy. The leading purpose of misplaced significance after uranium bases was found in abundance (Prăvălie, & Bandoc, 2018). However, by encouraging support schemes and setting criteria for well-being and health norms, the commission donated to the improvement of nuclear power in its Associate Countries and the improvement of the nuclear-powered act.
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as Amended in NUREG-0980 after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there was a need to reduce and control nuclear energy use to avoid the destruction of human life property, climate destruction as well as many unseen long term effects. This law guides civilians and military personnel on the use of nuclear materials (Noh, 2017). The policy declares that “the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed to promote world peace, improve the general welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.” Individuals and respective military departments must have the license to handle nuclear material. The NRC is tasked with enforcing rule and order in facilitating health in reducing the effects, “the Commission may deem necessary or desirable to protect health and safety and minimize danger to life or property.”
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 the Commission its mutual structure and recognized its major offices. The later change to the Act was also providing guards for workers who increase nuclear protection alarms. Other acts include the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Amended, low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985, Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978, and administrative Procedure Act, among others.
References
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(Van Metre and Calder, 2016