HEART FAILURE
Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are medications administered for congestive heart failure and hypertension treatment. ACE inhibitors help in blood vessel relaxation as well as lowering the volume of blood ultimately reducing blood pressure and lowering the demand of oxygen from the heart (Nagai, Murray, Metz & Baynes, 2012). Additionally, ACE inhibitors are effective in limiting micro-albuminuria progression that avoids nephropathy. According to the results revealed by the chemistry panel, Steve Genovese suffers from hyponatremia because of his sodium levels – Na 137 mEq/L. Hyponatremia helps in the prediction of possible congestive heart failure outcomes; therefore administering ACE inhibitors will help in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Steve’s blood pressure is considerably elevated thus prompting the prescription of an ACE inhibitor because high blood pressure may result in diabetic nephropathy development (Nagai et al., 2012). Furthermore, the patient is at risk of having complicated diabetic outcomes when heart problems get involved because he may take longer to recover.
The ACE inhibitors I will prescribe are Quinapril which helps in high blood pressure treatment by lowering it ultimately preventing kidney problems and heart attacks. Quinapril helps in blood vessels relaxations thus enabling easy flow of the blood. I would prescribe a 20-8- mg PO qDay which will be taken orally once a day. The patient might also be advised to avoid consumption of meals with high-fat because they may reduce the medication absorption within the system of the patient. I would also prescribe 4-8 mg PO q12hr which will help to reduce the risk of a stroke, micro-albuminuria as well as diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, the patient is advised to consider losing a little bit of weight which will reduce the amount of fat thus help in the utilization of the medication.
References
Nagai, R., Murray, D. B., Metz, T. O., & Baynes, J. W. (2012). Chelation: a fundamental mechanism of action of AGE inhibitors, AGE breakers, and other inhibitors of diabetes complications. Diabetes, 61(3), 549-559.