Innovative parking systems
The inadequate number of parking bays on the road leads to the introduction of several innovative parking systems designed with different execution processes that utilize modern technology and even different geometry as a solution to help solve the parking issue. One of the solutions is a multi-level automated parking system. According to Albagul, Alsharef, Saad, and Abujeela (2013), the multi-level automated parking system operates by utilizing sensors, detecting the cars at the entry point of the elevator, and sends the signal to the system so that the control system will send the elevator to the entry point. After the car boards the elevator, the elevator sends the car to the nearest floor with an available parking spot, and the process will repeat for exiting the parking lot. Another system that is proposed is a semi-circular automatic parking system. The operation of this system can be explained with two operating modes, (a) vehicle acceptance mode that involves the entrance and parking of the car by using a control unit and (b) vehicle delivery mode that processes the parking exiting and parking fee calculations of the car (Atacak, & Erdogdu, 2017). The semi-circular automatic parking system operates by saving the vehicle recognition unit’s information by the vehicle recognition unit, followed by the vehicle carrying unit to carry the vehicle to the nearest parking lot surrounding the carrying unit in a semi-circular shape. For exiting the parking lot, the owner enters his vehicle’s plate number to the recognition unit, and the information will be sent to the control unit, which is then used to locate the owner’s vehicle and retrieve it from the parking and place it on the exit lot. The next parking system that will be discussed in this report is based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Studies (Tanti, Kasodariya, Patel, & Rangrej, 2020; Anand, Gopinath, Ajisha Shirny, & Illakiya, 2016) have stated, Internet of Things (IoT) based solution, involves the usage of sensors that links physical parking space infrastructure with information and communication technologies (ICT), where the information is sent and processed by a cloud-based management system. This solution is implemented by developing a mobile app that displays empty parking spaces and a booking system used to reserve parking spaces. Each parking lot is equipped with sensors and control systems that monitor the availability of the parking lot. The last suggested system is a rotary car park system. For the rotary car park, according to Skrzyniowski, Mruk, and Skrzyniowska, (2018), the process of the vehicle entering and exiting the Rotary Car Park System is similar, where both entry and exit uses presence sensors to check parking space vacancy and to detect the car. An inductive sensor detects the movement of the car. The suggested car park is a car park rotating around its horizontal axis. The car goes directly to the parking space; therefore, no internal access roads or ways are needed. This car park has no ceilings, loadbearing walls or pillars, and the gravitational system of moving vehicles (using the inclination of the transit area) does not require any mechanical devices or drives. The parking systems that have been introduced above have different innovative designs and operation methods designed to solve the parking issue with high efficiency in terms of land usage and time consumption to park the vehicles.