International Law, International Relations and Globalization
Question 1
Introduction
organizationl organization dates from the 20th century, where states were customarily used to the need for cooperation between countries, and the aspect of social development and structures was existent.Administratively, technical development existed to further the standard of living example is when the telegraph was invented . The need of a formation of an organizationl organization was felt mainly to manage frequencies because if everyone at their respective border and country did not adhere to the management of the frequencies, then communication could not be transmitted. It’s hence essential that such process is guided and regulated by a treaty to enable each state to identify its role and mandate towards a shared objective. The explosion of organizationl organization in the 20th century lead to political world issues such as war and peace, human rights and environmental issues to being objectively handled borganizations organizations organizations formed as a result. (Armstrong, 2017)
Impact of International Law
The underlying impact and organizations are that it’s prudent that sovereign nations coexist between themselves in an amicablrecognizeshat recognizes their coexistence in harmony with each other. Considered international law is premised on cooperation beorganizations organizations organizations must fundamentally contribute. It’s organizations organizations organizations organizations that have to provide necessary infrastructural development and for cooperation to ensure in any distinguished scenario or phenomena. (Egede, 2013)
Role of a business in the international sphere: The case of Coca-cola multinational company
Considered International trade has exponentially grown. It positively impacts on business and enterprises ,that the more the market is universal the more there is an increased rate of trade which ultimately generate a lot more of economic and social growth,research,market and labour.Policies and guidelines inform of model laws, treaties and conventions are centered towards managing and positively governing international trade to that extend.
In this case scenario of a multinational company coca-cola. The goal of the companmodernizinged modernizing customary exchange together with the intention to immensely cut on trade barriers that are faced by the company all through the world. In a bid and in support to enrealizationis realization of these objectives and goals quite a number of organizationl organization has been since formed .The most pertinent and prevalent being The General Agreement on Tariffs ,a 1994 document which was aimed at reducing trade barriers and Trade (GATT)It provided a platform where stakeholders would address and indulge in trade issues, andorganizatione organization (WTO) Barriers to trade, this include quotas and tariffs which are huge challenge for international business as they can greatly and negatively affect international trade and the general economic stability.
After several years of negotiation, thorganizatione organization came up with three pertinent and major rules that were to be followed by business entities they included. Tariffs negotiations. and the Binding Concessions rule: That provided that if organizatione organization member lowered her tariffs then the country would be automatically prohibited or allowed fro, raising the tariff, and this rule applies to alorganizatione organization members .Secondly is the, The Most-Favored-Nation rule which articulates the importance of non-prohibition and discrimination of products irrespective of their place of origin and the annexed rules relating to it exportation or importation of goods and payment
Thirdly, The National Treatment rule which is provided for under the General Agreement on Tariffs GATT under article III that provide member goods to be traded equally with domestically sourced goods. While GATT remained the main and significant instrument to the easement of trade various multi lateral and bi lateral agreements started to emerge to make provisions to more specific type and form of trade which acted as a barrier to trade. Consequently more than 100 countries met in morocco and agreed to the coming effect of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which would henceforth act as the only organizationl organization mandated to dictate and control trade between states for services, dispute resolution ,goods and even intellectual property( Zajda , 2009)
Question 2
Their consist various approaches as to world politics, the prevalent and main ones being realism and liberalism. Realism according to scholars of this school of thought refers to it as where a state is centered on increasing its own power relative to other states. Realist argues that the world is in all sense a dangerous and harsh place hence the only certain think is power. That a more powerful state shall always be in a position to outdo and outshine weaker opponents and in the process advancing the interest of the powerful country. They further argue that a countries utmost fidelity to its people is self preservation therefore a state must always strive to get hold of more powering the best interest of protecting herself. Realist also believe that moral standings of leaders should not inform their decisions in relation to foreign policy and that institutions such as internationalorganisations have no force or power and are only operational at the pleasure of states. Leaders and politicians have over the years and since the cold war practiced realism most evident was the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United Nations. Realism has also been evident in the way Former United states president George w Bush lead misadministration
Liberalism on the other hand insists on the social and close ties between nations, formulated in 1970s .Which is premised onglobalization globalization as a result of the increased rate in communication technology and the increased prevalence of international trade meant that nations could not afford to any longer base their political self interest in place of international relations. Liberalist then believe that that international cooperation, trust and prosperity is the mandate of every state hence its of more importance than exercising military power .For example the US has often experienced lot of conflicts with some European or Asian country based on ideology but has never considered using their advanced military power on them but only relies on pressures and economic incentive to advance their interest
One of the most interesting world politics incidents was the Tensions Flare in the Persian Gulf. Where in 2019 approximately four US commercial ships faced an attack while being anchored at the strait of hormaz which has been the epicenter of the world oil trade. The US government pointed fingers at Iran for being responsible for the attacks in question, an accusation denied by Iran .This coupled by additional series of attacks against US and Saudi Arabia drones forced the US to add additional troops to the volatile area for the reason that they believed Iran had a hand in the attacks against the country. This followed that in early 2020 a US airstrike targeted at Baghdad international airport killed a senior Iranian Army general Qusem soleimani .The US claiming that the General had been an integral part of terrorism activities in Iraq and had been under surveillance for many years. The advantage of this incident is that it portrays the control of superpower countries in their role in fighting pertinent issues such as terrorism in the world. The disadvantage of this incident is that it arose a lot of rebuke and outrage from Iranians who felt that the US were not right in justifying the killing ,arguing that the general was a good man, such actions erode the trust and will of the people which can cause unrest and conflicts. (Connable, 2016)
Brexit must have been the biggest world political move in history. The brexit referred to the action the United Kingdom to revoke its membership from the European union mainly for the reason of reclaiming the lost glory of the British .After several deliberation from the house of commons, a referendum was scheduled to be the determinant of whether it was the British choice to move out of the European union, a vote which returned in the affirmative and granted Britain the power to repudiate its agreement with the European union. The advantage of Brexit is that it was democratic and the decision was centered on making the Up greater and more self sufficient hence it was a productive step to a nation. The Disadvantage of Brexit is that it dglobalization globalization globalization and trade free barriers which increase the growth and productivity of nations. The United Kingdom is still in the process of moving out of the European Union. (Wallwork, 2019)
Question 3
The massiglobalization globalization are evident in our day to day life .Consequently it has to affect business in a variety of ways which may be positive or negative in that regard. Commerce on the global scene has been common as the worldwide marketplace has opened up as a result of the prevalence o Globalization Globalization.Globalisation then offers a sort of transformative but to a certain extend or way disruptive situation for entrepreneurs and stakeholders, The globalization globalization globalization globalization has faced and is currently going through..
Outsourcing
Arguably the mostglobalization globalization globalization. It refers to where a business resolute to source from outside the labor workforce for various reasons most preferably that foreign labor attract lower wages, restrictions and even lowers tax obligations hence a minimizingill minimizing of minimizing cost, However such decisions can lead to black clash from members of the society arguing that domestic labor should always be considered
Increased competition
It’sglobalization globalization is a positive concept aimed at increasing productivity of busineses.However it also carries its own share of limitations such as enhanced competition from other businesses this is because domestic companies may find itself competing against foreign brands in the whole world which can be overwhelming.
Advanced knowledge
Capital, trade and people are most pertinent in a business setup irrespectively spread of knowledge and information are the most fundamental aspects that posiglobalizationglobalization .As a result of the internet information can be passed to anywhere with ease. This has been evident in the online degree programs being offered by different universities and the student is never required personally to be present in class but only transacts through the internet at the comfort of his home
Lower prices
The most advantaglobalization globalization is that it can afford lower prices to products as there is a consistent supply chain from all over the world. This caused by increased volumes of materials and products being shipped reducing the cost of conducting businesss.For example it’s possible to browse through the internet searching for cheap orders and bonuses on things like online retail store or even purchasing air ticket.
Increaseglobalization globalization
With the advancement that products and goods can more quickly pass and be transported across the accessibility of digital wallet payment platform occasioning the rise of electronic money transfer .Since anyone can procure a product or good from anywhere in the world, it has increased the consumer accessibility resulting to more increased demand
Tariffs
Aglobalization globalization, majority of goods and products are not subject to trade tariffs, this lowers the price point of the good to enable entry into a new market. This is pertinent to small online business as they are now in a position to compete with most established company without having enhanced resources
Social media as a tool used in global scale business
With the influx of social media ,it has been one of the best service that can be used in the global scale to enhance sales as there is millions of people and that is what nowadays informs their social life hence it’s a vital marketing tool .Using social media as a marketing product has been instrumental and successful as it has firstly been cost effective as it only requires access to internet and in-depth marketing then one is good to go, when this is compared against the conventional way then its way more cheaper and cost effective.Secondly,online marketing increases the inbound traffic to a website which results and converts into sales and earnings. Lastly social media provides an insight into the desires, expectations of customers as one is able to communicate with them and receive their feedback and affecting it to the needs of the customer. In the same spirit ,their has also been unsuccessful attempts towards using social media as a service in the global scale this range from exposure to competitors because all your operations are easily accessible online ,it can have slow return of investment as a social medial profile is created slowly and cannot be a quick return, It can be time consuming as one must always be online to achieve any sort of stride, With social media one must be very careful as its very easy for a business brand name to be tarnished. ( Zajda , 2009)
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REFRENCES
ARMSTRONG, D., LLOYD, L., REDMOND, J., & ARMSTRONG, D. (2017). International Organisation in World Politics. London, Macmillan Education, Limited.
EGEDE, E., & SUTCH, P. (2013). The politics of international law and international justice. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
WALLWORK, N. (2019). Brexit
CONNABLE, B. (2016). Stretching and exploiting thresholds for high-order war: how Russia, China, and Iran are eroding American influence using time-tested measures short of war.
ZAJDA, J., & RUSGlobalization Globalisation, Policy and Comparative Research: Discourses of Globalisation.