Limiting toxic food for humans
Similar to //////, ,,,, states that Polychlorinated-p-dioxins and polychlorinated furans (polychlorinated-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)) are profoundly harmful components. Dietary intake is one of the significant pathways that people are presented to the profoundly poisonous substance (Åberg et al., 2010). People can likewise obtain Polychlorinated-p-dioxins and polychlorinated furans when they are close to the point of source, for instance, wood protection locales or where contaminants were recently utilized. Besides, atmospheric deposition is another factor that causes food chain contamination. Such factors affect human health profoundly. Momentary introduction to Polychlorinated-p-dioxins and polychlorinated furans through diet can prompt skin sores (patches of obscured skin or chlorane) or liver capacity that is modified. Long haul exposure to such poisons can likewise prompt disability of the immune framework, endocrine framework, conceptive framework, or the sensory system. From the paper, it was evident that Polychlorinated-p-dioxins and polychlorinated furans are strong bioaccumulative. To counter the negative effects of Polychlorinated-p-dioxins and polychlorinated furans, assessment of the soil is important. Soil is the key factor that causes contamination to the plants through absorption. From plant, the toxic substances are ingested by humans. To avoid the high toxic levels, the root cause should be identified and an alternative offered. In this case, since the soil is the main source of contamination, sampling is the only way of reducing human health risks. The site-specific exposure assessments experience several negative such as high sampling costs or a high number of contaminated sites. However, according to 2015,,
to support site-specific assessment, the multimedia fate and exposure model would be helpful. An example of a multimedia fate and exposure model is CalTOX which was developed for the California Environmental Protection Agency. The model aimed at improving risk assessment data that were used in the decision-making process. The model has twenty-three different human exposure pathways. The model has been used effectively in assessing hazardous components such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, organ phosphorous pesticides, organic compounds that might be carcinogenic and PCDD-F.
From the first article, it was evident that soil testing for the congener marker was an effective plan to limit toxic food for humans. However, from the second study is evident that risk assessment might not be that effective due to some sources of uncertainty that might be caused by factors such as the model framework, the input parameters, the result interpretation and formulation of the problem. From an analysis performed earlier, it is evident that uncertainties in the assessment and adjustment can take place due to landscape parameters, default model algorithms, physicochemical property information, default parameterization and model equation. An example of a default model equation is when the equation terms a linear relationship to be between an octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and the Bio transfer factors (BTFs). In case such a model is used on superhydrophobic components such as polychlorinated-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, overestimation in the model is likely to take place in biota. However, the lack of an improved model equation led to the suggestion of insertion of experimental Bio transfer factors in the calculation process.