Mental healthcare for adolescence and children
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a neurodevelopment disorder that makes it hard for one to pay attention and control impulsive behaviors. People with the disorder tend to be restless and almost continually active (Faraone & Larsson, 2019). In this scenario, Ryan could not stick in one place for more than a minute or more. In other words, he was restless and almost continually active.
Oppositional defiant disorder is a behavior disorder that is mostly diagnosed in childhood. Children with the condition are uncooperative, defiant hostile towards their peers and authority figures like parents and teachers. They are more troubling to other people than themselves (Cavanagh.et.al, 2017). They poses an angry and irritable mood. In this scenario, Ryan possed the mood, he becomes agitated and throws a temper tantrum when he was not allowed to do as he wished. He was also disobedient to authority figures.
Oppositional-defiant disorder affects teenagers too, and they tend to have a frequent and persistent pattern of anger, irritability, and cruelty towards peers and authority figures. Therefore, maybe even at the age of twelve, Ryan started bullying and annoying others (Noordermeer.et.al, 2017). If his behavior becomes worse, the clinicians should consider treating him with a combination of behavioral therapy and medication.
The clinician should recommend parent training programs to his parents to learn and train their child’s behavior. The clinician should also introduce social skills training programs for Ryan to help improve his peer relationship. Some medications that might help are antipsychotic medications like Abilify and stimulants. Antipsychotic medications reduce aggressiveness and irritability through calming one down while the stimulants help reduce excessive impulsivity.
References
Cavanagh, M., Quinn, D., Duncan, D., Graham, T., & Balbuena, L. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder is better conceptualized as a disorder of emotional regulation. Journal of attention disorders, 21(5), 381-389.
Faraone, S. V., & Larsson, H. (2019). Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular psychiatry, 24(4), 562-575.
Noordermeer, S. D., Luman, M., Greven, C. U., Veroude, K., Faraone, S. V., Hartman, C. A., … & Oosterlaan, J. (2017). Structural brain abnormalities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with oppositional defiant disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 82(9), 642-650.