Models For Advanced Nursing Practice and their Applications
In Collaborative practice model, nurse practitioner work as a collaborator in a team. Individuals in the team share knowledge, expertise and a non-hierarchical power. The NP provides care to hospital patients.
The NP work in a collaborative manner with a physician to sort issues related to clinical care. They are also liable to report to higher authorities in matters related to quality improvement.
This model basically works on principle of shared values, trust and quality care.(Henneman, 1995)
Schober and MacKay (2004) proposed adequate characteristics of collaborative practice method for advanced nursing as follows:
Collaborative nursing practice method works on common goal to provide nursing care with utmost quality. This model also ensures job satisfaction among members of clinical teams. It paved way to sustainable cost effective health care with enhanced productivity.
Collaborative care model focuses different specialties such as:
Mental health
Behavioral health
Public health
Nutritional therapy
This model applies to attain inter-professional collaboration with expert and goal oriented team towards clinical care to patients.
Andrews, G., Brodie, D., Andrews, J., Hillan, E., Gail Thomas, B., Wong, J. and Rixon, L., 2006. Professional roles and communications in clinical placements: A qualitative study of nursing students’ perceptions and some models for practice. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(7), pp.861-874.
Shared accountability: Practitioners are responsible for their own decisions as an individual. Trust is an important tool in collaborative practice as providers are accountable for outcomes in a team. A collaborative approach is followed by providers with common responsibilities with respect to clinical decisions.
Toronto- East General Hospital, Coordinated Care Teams (CCTs) established based on collaborative care model. The application of the model revealed that there was a decrease in the number of patients suffering from terminal diseases, positive feedback have been recorded from patients regarding clinical care and at the same time sick time was also reduced.
Meehan, T., 2003. Careful nursing: a model for contemporary nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(1), pp.99-107.
Shared competence: For successful teamwork and partnerships collaboration is required that take account of each member based on their competencies. Each provider helps to add a new value to the team. Providers share competencies as well as different interests with recognition of individual’s role. Based on the need of the situation, a provider play different roles.
Nova Scotia- Team members stated that the implementation of the model they now enjoy their work as they have a scheduled work timings with more earnings. Nursing practitioners found their work environment more positive and goal oriented. Patients reported to have better health, on time examinations and better care.
Powers, C., 1956. Working Together for Better Nursing Care. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 56(9), p.1151.
Scarvell, J. and Stone, J., 2010. An Interprofessional Collaborative Practice model for preparation of clinical educators. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 24(4), pp.386-400.
- Mutual respect: Patients and society at large should be benefited from collaborative practice. Positive experiences helps to build mutual trust among members of the team which in turn help them to work for the benefits of the patients.
Canada- the collaborative model was applied in clinical practice to attain goals of nursing programs. This model was used to prepare nursing personnel ready to deal with any complex clinical environment.(Acorn, 1988; Arpin, 1981)
Zyblock, D., 2010. Nursing Presence in Contemporary Nursing Practice. Nursing Forum, 45(2), pp.120-124.
- Proper Communication: With collaborative approach apart from mutual trust NPs develop skills in communication, better problem solving approach, shared relationships based on experiences. These skills give better understanding and strengthen relations of the members of a team sharing common goals.
USA, University of Rochester Hospital Pediatric Center- application of collaborative model influence diagnosis and treatment greatly along with improvised access to care and follow up, increased patients satisfaction and better coordination among health care teams.
5.Assurance: Colleagues should negotiate their views with each other professionally. Each nursing professional needs to take assurance related to solutions with other members. All individuals should be active while working on problems valuing each other perspectives.
China, The Institute of Advanced Nursing Studies (IANS)- the institute aims to improve care quality and competency.
- Coordination and Cooperation: Support is required while handling clinical situations based on common goals which will lead to successful management. NPs must seek support and coordination from their team.
Considering above mentioned applications of collaborative model of advanced nursing practices it is evident that the model can be applied well in health care institutes and centres to provide better quality of care to patients.
- Autonomous approach: Autonomous approaches helps authorities to make independent decisions. NPs works on judgments of authorities that are mandatory to follow during collaborative practices application. During collaboration each member should respect the values and right to practice of other individuals. Along with common goals they also share accountability with each other.
Most of the above applications suggested that collaborative model for advanced nursing practices provides following benefits-
better clinical care to patients
Job satisfaction for individuals working in health care centers
Cost effectiveness
Reduced errors and improved patient safety
Benefits to organisations and its employers
Strong relationships among team members
- Organizational Support: Organization level collaborative nursing practice ensures accurate support, required resources, funds(coordination), assessments (to provide more opportunities) and commitment towards administration.