Optimal Deployment of Emissions Reduction Technologies for Construction Equipment
Overview of the Article
The article discusses the optimal deployment of the reduction technologies that can be used in construction equipment, where the researcher developed a multiobjective optimization model that was used to deploy emissions in the case of nonroad construction equipment. The objective of this endeavour was to cut down on the emissions witnessed in an effective and optimal manner as compared to the previous stances. In this respect, the use of different construction equipment that was emitting various pollutants in the nonattainment (NA) was the subject of the study. At the close of the experiment that constituted the study, it was discovered that the rate of NOx reductions, as well as the actuation of combined benefits, lessened in view of the rising budget. In reference to the Pareto front that was gathered at the final phase, the decision-maker was now able to achieve a non-inferior optimal combination of the aggregate NOx reductions as well as the fuel-savings positive for the respective budget.
Describe hydrogen enrichment (HE), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and fuel additive (FA) technologies
Hydrogen fuel enhancement refers to the conventional method that includes mixing a hydrocarbon fuel with hydrogen. This process takes place in internal combustion, such as the car engine. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) refers to the stances that are used to convert nitrogen oxides with the use of s a diatomic nitrogen and water. This process is completed by the addition of a gaseous react, for instance, anhydrous ammonia into a stream of exhaust gas. In such as a case, CO is used as the working reactant. On the other hand, the fuel additive technologies tend to expand and increase the effectiveness of fuels. For instance, the gasoline additives serve as lubricants, hence, necessitating the use of high compression powers.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of HE, SCR, and FA, including a discussion of costs.
The desirability of hydrogen enrichment (HE) is that it makes it possible for fuel to be saved due to the fact that the combustion takes place in enclosed areas, minimizing any instance that is linked to the loss of fuel. It is for this particular reason that the methodology is preferred for its rather low costs. As technology advances with time, the use of this strategy has been rendered ineffective as supported by the stance that other gases such as nitrous oxide have proved to produce better fuel as compared to nitrogen.
The main advantage of the SCR is that it is presently in phase with the EURO6 diesel emissions standards, which are a crucial requirement for the heavy trucks as well as SUV cars. In this quest, this methodology is believed to be less costly as compared to the other schemes of burning fuels. Nevertheless, this methodology is not preferred since it is linked to many emissions, such as the NOx and Particulate Matter. Fuel additive (FA) technologies are desirable as supported by the fact that they have higher efficiency. However, they are still expensive.
Does the computer model do a satisfactory job of determining the best technology? Explain.
No, the computer model does not offer the best option in this case. For instance, it is too empirical as opposed to being practical. It still does not issue any solution to the overriding costs.
What would be your recommendations as far as which technology (HE, SCR, and/or FA) should be used, or should none be used?
In reference to the discussed techniques, I would recommend the use of the fuel additive (FA) technologies since they do not cause a great danger to the environment. In this quest, fewer fumes are produced at a relatively limited expense. In addition, fuel additives do not change the model of fuels or the respective engines, but practically speed up the rate of performance.