Policy-Making Process
Policymaking process
This process refers to a process that involves how the policies are structured through a step-by-step procedure or sequence, even though the processes intertwine and overlap.
Step1-problem identification
The process begins with problem identification. The critical actors who are involved in this process include the mass media, public opinion, the citizen initiative, and the interest groups. Their roles include publicizing the societal problems and expressing the demands for the government actions that are involved in the health of the uninsured and Medicare.
Step 2- Agenda-setting
The agenda-setting process is the second step in the policymaking process. The critical actors in this step include the congress, president, and the elites. Their roles include deciding the emerging issues that will be decided and the problems that the government will address the emerging issues experienced in Medicare and the health for the uninsured.
Step 3- Policy formulation
This is the third step in the policymaking process. The critical actors in this phase include the congressional committee, interest groups, the think tanks, and the beaurocrats. Their roles in this phase include developing the proposals of the policy that will assist in resolving to improve problems and emerging issues in uninsured health and Medicare (Tanks”, 2014).e.
Step 4- Policy Legitimation
This is the fourth stage that is involved in making policies. The critical actors under this phase include the president, courts, interest groups, and the beaurocrats. Their core duties are to select a given proposal, develop political support for the identified proposal, implementing the proposal into law, and deciding on the proposal’s constitutionality of the Medicare and the uninsured health.
Step 5-policy implementation
Policy implementation is the fifth stage involved in the decision-making process. The key actors involved in this stage include the bureaucratese and the advocacy coalitions. Their roles include organizing the agencies and departments, offering services or payments, and levying taxes in the uninsured’s Medicare and health.
Step 6-Policy evaluation
This step is the final stage of the policymaking process. Under this stage, the critical actors involve the mass media, congressional oversight committees, the bureaucratese, and the think tanks. Their core obligations include evaluating the effects of policies on the non-target and target groups, reporting the government program outputs, and proposing the reforms and changes that should be made to the Medicare and the health for the uninsured.
Presidential success in accomplishing the policy agendas based on technical, political and financial feasibility
Political feasibility
Political feasibility refers to the measure of wellness of a solution offered to a given policy problem, that will be allowed and accepted by a group of the decision-makers as well as the general public. In order to effectively enact and implement a policy, the policy itself must be politically feasible or accepted. It is applied to make a prediction about the probable results of the proposed solutions to a given policy by examining various actors involved in the steps of the policymaking process. The component is usually utilized to act as an evaluation criterion in selecting the policy alternatives.
In order to fully accomplish the policy agendas in the health for the uninsured and Medicare based on political feasibility, the president must carry out a political feasibility analysis.
The first step involved in this analysis includes identifying the environment of the policy. This step makes it possible for the analyst to determine the spaces where the policy problem is or exists. The proceeding activity involves the practice of defining the particular policy issue area. Once these processes are complete, the analysts may start to identify the key parties that are actively connected to the policy. Other factors that should be considered within these three stages include public awareness level about the proposed policy, the voting patterns and concerns of various demographics, and the dynamics resulting from policy proposal’s timing.
The second step in this analysis involves assembling the information and arranging or organizing them. Here, the analysts highlight or outline the political scenarios that surround the proposed policy. In this step, there are several factors that should be considered and identified, along with some accompanying details. The list’s elements can be structured in such a manner that it fit the specified policy and the surrounding environment if by any case required.
The first factor that should be identified is the stakeholders. They are critical parties in ensuring that the policy is put into action. The other reason is that the actors help the analysts identify the resources they readily avail for them.
The last step under political feasibility is analyzing the data. Here, once the required information has been gathered and proper description of political weather is provided, the examiners or the analysts can provide estimated figures for the levels of opposition or support for the policy that has been proposed. The process includes identifying possible political conflict and consensus sectors, basically determining whatever is required for the policy to receive support for implementation and enactment.
Technical feasibility
The technical feasibility is vital for the president to assess the details of how he intends to deliver Medicare and health for the uninsured services to the people. This feasibility study in policy-making would enable the president to lay focus on technical resources that are available to successfully accomplish policy changes on Medicare and health for the uninsured. The analysis would enable the president to know whether the resources set aside for the policy changes successfully meet the policy requirements and if the involved technical team is in a position to convert the policy ideas or ideologies into functional systems.
Financial feasibility
The financial feasibility analysis involves the assessment of the new policy changes technicality. The study’s core objective is to rationally and objectively unearth the weaknesses and the strength of the policy and the possible threats about the implementation of the policy in the natural surrounding or environment. It also covers the resources required to implement the policy and, generally, the prospects for the policy’s success.
An excellent structured financial feasibility would provide a brief historical background about the proposed policy. This feasibility study would evaluate the policy’s potential for success; hence, perceived objectivity is always essential in the policy implementation’s credibility. Therefore, it is important to note that the analysis should be carried out in a fair, objective approach to offer credible information on which possible decisions involved in policymaking can be based.
Policy Model
The best policy model that would best explain the outcome is the elite model theory. This model observes public policy as the governing elite’s preference and values. Under this model, the public policy is seen as reflecting on the people’s demands. The theory asserts that individuals are usually apathetic and also ill-informed on the public policy and that the elites group can actually tailor or shape the opinion of the masses on the queries about the policy more than how the masses can really shape their opinion. Under this model, the public administrators and officials merely perform the policies that have been decided upon by the elite group. Under this model, the policies usually flow from the elites to the general public and not from the public to the elites.
The reason why it is the best model is that it opposes the pluralism, which means more than a single system of authority, a conventional way that lays emphasis on how various interests and groups have an influence on the policy, but instead allows the experts or people possessing intrinsic qualities in the healthcare system, experience, high intellect, and advanced skills to make up the changes or come up with the best policies for Medicare and health for the uninsured. They are the best group of people who can make the best policies that are crucial in solving the problems associated with uninsured health and the Medicare, such as less preventive medical care.
The best recommendation for the above problem is to provide health plans policies that provide coverage to various preventive services such as screening tests and shots. This should also include the plan policies that can be readily accessed through Health Insurance Marketplaces. The policymakers should ensure that these services are offered at a free cost when carried out by doctors or other medical providers in the policy network.
References
Tanks”,. ” (2014). The Role of Think Tanks in Shaping Policy Making