PROBATION AND PAROLE
Abstract
Correctional systems are imperative in all societies. As such, different developments have been witnessed in the correctional systems for the past few years. Among them are probation and parole. The two correctional methods have been vital in rehabilitating prisoners, lowering costs and preventing overcrowding in prisons—nonetheless, parole and probation work through extensive collaboration between prisoners and officers in the system. Rehabilitation through correctional methods requires high accountability and virtues.
History and development of probation and parole
Probation was first introduced in English courts, but it was later borrowed by the American courts. The practice allowed defendants back into the society provided that they are fulfilled certain conditions. John Augustus is an important individual who developed probation as it is known today. He would bail offenders and supervise them in the community. Augustus not only bailed offenders, but he also helped them find employment provided that they followed certain conditions. Probation was therefore founded to rehabilitate offenders rather than punishing them.
On the other hand, parole was founded in the mid-nineteenth century as a solution to overcrowding in prisons. Initiated by Maconochie (Norfolk Island governor) parole was initially intended to eliminate the system used in Norfolk (flat sentence structure). Maconochie started a system called the “mark system.” Through the system, the prisoners would be gradually given freedom depending on marks scored. Marks were awarded through good behaviour and/or hard work displayed by the prisoners. Further, prisoners would either use the marks to reduce their sentence or purchase goods. Parole has developed, although its purpose still remains similar to the initial model.
Reasons for probation
Probation seeks to rehabilitate defendants instead of subjecting them to imprisonment. Secondly, probation seeks to protect the community from criminal acts from the defendant. This reason is successful since an individual under probation is supervised. The third reason for probation is to preserve and protect the defendant’s rights. Among the rights protected is the right to freedom, although it is limited as compared to normal citizens. The fourth reason for probation is to ensure that low-risk offenders are not mixed up with perennial offenders. This prevents the spread of defiant behaviour. Probation has been imperative in reducing the level of crime in societies. Further, probation allows defendants to continue working while being supported by counselling services. Probation also lowers the budget for criminal justice system since it is cheaper when compared to imprisonment.
Types of parole
Parole can be either; day or full parole. Full parole allows offenders to have full freedom. Prisoners are allowed by full parole to retain to their communities and continue participating in daily activities. Prisoners are given indefinite freedom for the remaining sentence. The condition for full parole is that the prisoners must report to a parole officer. Visits should be regular to discuss any individual or employment developments. Day parole gives freedom to prisoners during the day. The prisoners leave prison during the day and participate in community-based activities. At night, the prisoners return to the prison or supervised locations.
Collaboration and accountability
Community correctional methods require high-level corroboration and accountability. Prisoners must be sincere about their need to rehabilitate. This is indicated through a combination of good behaviour and hard work. The prisoners and parole officers should coordinate to find ways of rehabilitation. The Bible gives teachings on the importance of following conditions during probation periods. The teachings show patience and good behaviour through the parable of the vineyard owner. All individuals in criminal justice should collaborate to help prisoners’ rehabilitation.