Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
There are several differences that exist between the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cell. beginning with the way they reproduce; prokaryotes reproduce asexually while the eukaryotic cells reproduce sexually. There is also a number of differences in terms of the organelles that they have such as: the mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies are absent in prokaryotic cells while they are present in eukaryotic cell (Boiteux, Coste & Castaing, 2017). While some organelles such as ribosome are small in prokaryotic cells, they are large in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are single celled while the eukaryotic cells have more than two cells making them to be multicellular in nature. In prokaryotic cells the nucleus is not enclosed in a membrane while in eukaryotic cells the nucleus is enclosed in a membrane. There is only one chromosome that is present in the prokaryotic cells but it is not a true chromosome but a plastid while in eukaryotic cells they have true chromosome and are more than one in number (Flórez, et al., 2015).
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have common organelles such as cell membrane which provides covering and entry of materials in and out of the cells. The other organelles are ribosomes which are used in the manufacture of proteins. They both have similar chemical compounds in them which include: fats, nucleic acid, proteins, minerals and vitamins (Kim, et al.,2015). Both the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have deoxyribonucleic acid which forms a basis of their genetic information. The genetic information is used in the regulation of cell functioning and information. Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have a lipid layer that has phospholipid sandwiched between the two protein layers. The layers act as a barrier which allows materials in and out of the cells selectively (Zemella, et al.,2015).
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
References
Boiteux, S., Coste, F., & Castaing, B. (2017). Repair of 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanine in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Properties and biological roles of the Fpg and OGG1 DNA N-glycosylases. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 107, 179-201.
Flórez, L. V., Biedermann, P. H., Engl, T., & Kaltenpoth, M. (2015). Defensive symbioses of animals with prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Natural Product Reports, 32(7), 904-936.
Kim, D. K., Lee, J., Simpson, R. J., Lötvall, J., & Gho, Y. S. (2015, April). EVpedia: A community web resource for prokaryotic and eukaryotic extracellular vesicles research. In Seminars in cell & developmental biology (Vol. 40, pp. 4-7). Academic Press.
Zemella, A., Thoring, L., Hoffmeister, C., & Kubick, S. (2015). Cell-free protein synthesis: pros and cons of prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. ChemBioChem, 16(17), 2420.