Question 1: Parallels between Toussaint L`Ouverture and Patrice Lumumba
Both Patrice Emery Lumumba and Francois-Dominique Toussaint L`Ouverture are leaders fighting for justice against oppression. For instance, Louverture successfully led a revolt against slave trade, stood steadfastly fighting to eliminate slavery and gaining the independence of Haiti from the British powers (Mandela, 2018). Similarly, Patrice Lumumba transformed he republic of Congo from Belgium colon to independence. He was also a nationalist activist who led civil rights movements, such as MNC (Congolese National Movement).
Question 2: Political Role of Journalism
Ida B. Wells presents journalism as her weapon in her justice crusade against oppression. According to Ida`s viewpoint, journalism should be used for fighting for the rights of the oppressed in the society. She wrote journalism reports which agitated blacks to fight for their freedoms and rights such as, ‘Chicago Defender’ and ‘East St. Louis Race Riots’ (Wells, 2020). Well`s newspaper report was damaged due to the hard-hitting report investigations. She instructed her booklovers to leave behind Memphis and moved to NY where she joined New York Age staff and continued exposing South lynching.
Question 3: Post-slavery society oppression
Ida was the top Black American journalist woman, lecturer and also a club-activist in anti-lynching campaign of the century turn. In her autobiography on justice crusade she holds a special place in the oppression protest in the African-American culture as record of history from the view point of African-American, as an input to the tradition of African-American literally. The ‘self’, who determines and shapes African-American, Stephen Butterfield says, “is not a person with a secluded occupation, but rather a fighter in a lengthy, historic walk towards Canaan.”
With regard to Elizabeth Shultz, a dual tradition in the African-American autobiography: ‘testimonial autography’ advanced from the written story (for example the traditional testimony in church), and the ‘blues autobiography’, from the oral story (e.g. the customary blues). Earlier, the focus of the autobiographer is on community and “self” as a community member (Schechter, 2001). Later, the focus of the autobiographer is on “self” and community creation through experiences of sharing of “self”. Following this difference, the justice crusade by Wells, falls in the 1st category.
Work Cited
Mandela, N. (2018). The prison letters of Nelson Mandela. Liveright Publishing.
Schechter, P. A. (2001). Ida B. Wells-Barnett and American Reform, 1880-1930. Univ of North Carolina Press.
Wells, I. B. (2020). Crusade for justice: The autobiography of Ida B. Wells. University of Chicago Press.