Real-World Application – Alzheimer’s Disease
Annotations
Annotation #1: Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., El Khoury, J., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., … & Herrup, K. (2015). Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. The Lancet Neurology, 14(4), 388-405.
The articles suggest that the condition is restricted to the neuronal compartments and affects the immune systems in the brain. In this regard, it provides that misfolded/aggregated proteins bind to form patterns critical in triggering immune responses, which will be due to the release of inflammatory mediators. It contributes to the progression of diseases. As such, it employs the use of descriptive study design. The findings of the study are that external factors like chronic conditions like obesity; inflammation may affect the immune systems of the body. The article does not provide the need for carrying future studies. However, it concludes by straying that risk factors modulation targeting immune systems may lead to increased immunity.
Annotation #2: Alzheimer’s Association. (2016). 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(4), 459-509.
The article provides the effect of public health on the condition. It includes prevalence, incidence, death rates, increases healthcare expenses and overall impact on society. Because o this, it employs the use of descriptive study design. The findings of the study are that 5.4 million people in the united states have the condition. It predicts that in 2050, this number will increase to 13.8 million because of the baby booming population. It also provides that 700,000 people in the united states died from the condition in 2016. The study’s findings are that the disease is increasing the healthcare costs and rate of chronic infection.
In summary, it affects public health. It also provides a solution to prevent it; however, the study is employing the use of other studies. It implies that it has to be supplemented.
Annotation #3: Alzheimer’s Association. (2018). 2018 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 14(3), 367-429.
The article has a similar objective to Alzheimer’s Association (2016). However, it found out that 5.7 million people lived with the condition in the year 2018, which is expected to grow because of an increase in baby boomers. The study relies on other literature. It implies that it has to be supplemented, and thus, it is limited. Also, it does not offer the need for further studies. In summary, it concludes that accurate and prompt diagnosis could be critically important in preventing the disease.
Annotation #4: Allen, M., Wang, X., Burgess, J. D., Watzlawik, J., Serie, D. J., Younkin, C. S., … & Ho, C. (2018). Conserved brain myelination networks are altered in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 14(3), 352-366.
The researchers wanted to analyses the AD condition and other neurodegenerative retinopathies. It will be useful in uncovering distinct and shared pathways.
The study analyzed nine hundred and forty transcriptions, including people with AD, PSP, and control subjects. The findings of the study are that transcriptional coexpression networks are evident during myelination. It lowered TCX, which is different from Alzheimer’s disease. The study does not offer the need for further studies. There is also no conclusive statement that can be derived from the account.
Annotation #5: Birks, J. S., & Evans, J. G. (2015). Rivastigmine for Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database of systematic reviews, (4).
The article provides that AD is one of the common causes of dementia. Databases like Cochrane Dementia, Cognitive Improvement Group Specialized Register, and ALOIS offer the clinical trial records. The findings are that enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission is critical. It is because it can be useful in delaying the breakdown of the acetylcholine released into synaptic clefts. The sturdy results depend on other literature sourced from the databases, and thus, it is limited. It does not offer the need for further studies on the subject matter. In summary, the authors conclude that rivastigmine (between six and 12 milligrams) may be useful to people with mild conditions.
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2016). 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(4), 459-509. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1552526016000856
Alzheimer’s Association. (2018). 2018 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 14(3), 367-429. https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1552526017337664?token=C5B8ADADD30174A5DB07844C53B57F763A18D065DD1B867A76D2A9EFEC1855ACAF1192E30EBD36BB93DFE2E48D9EFF50
Allen, M., Wang, X., Burgess, J. D., Watzlawik, J., Serie, D. J., Younkin, C. S., … & Ho, C. (2018). Conserved brain myelination networks are altered in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 14(3), 352-366.
Birks, J. S., & Evans, J. G. (2015). Rivastigmine for Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database of systematic reviews, (4). https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001191.pub3/abstract
Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., El Khoury, J., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., … & Herrup, K. (2015). Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. The Lancet Neurology, 14(4), 388-405. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1474442215700165