SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDY
In order for firms to grow and survive in the dynamic environment they need to be very competitive and innovative . Research has shown that various factors contribute to the successful implementation of innovation such as how the innovation is adopted and the impact of the innovation among others . This study has been conducted to investigate the employees attitude or behavior as a factor influencing towards the innovation implementation process . When there is technological or administrative innovation it affects the employees in one way or another in that certain things have to change such as their roles routines or either they will need to upgrade their skills. Thus any innovation directly affects the employees and causes them to behave differently depending on what they think is the outcome of the innovation or their attribution. This study focusses on attribution of employees which means the alleged cause of a result or it is the interpretation of the expected outcome .Attribution of an employee is very important because it dictates his or her reactions towards implementation and the outcome .
Depending on the attribution an employee can develop several types of behaviors towards implementation which are, active ,passive and avoiding the implementation . There are thus two types of innovative attributions based on innovational intentionality, one is positive which is based on constructive intentionality and negative based on deceptive intentionality. Constructive intentionality means that the employee thinks that an organization has adopted an innovation with a motive to achieve certain goals such as development and improving the employees welfare . This is the positive reasoning of an employee. While the attribution to deceptive intentionality refers to the negative thinking of an employee whereby he thinks that the innovation is meant to exploit and suppress the employees.
This case study was done to investigate the attribution theory and its effects on the employees behavior on innovation implementation. The focus was based on deceptive and constructive intentionality . Data was collected from a sample of thirty three teams from Korea and fifty one team from China . Hypothesis were developed based on employee attribution to both constructive and deceptive intentionality and also the relationship between innovation effectiveness to implementational behavior . Several measures were used determine the results of the hypothesis .Analysis was done through the path analysis . the study encountered various limitations which included data being collected at one point in a period of time hence no comparisons , the study measured innovation effectiveness on the individual level hence no generalization and lastly the study did not check other factors that may affect innovation effectiveness.
The case study showed that when the employee attributes to constructive intentionality , it means the employee would be more active in implementation and would thus not avoid any innovation implementation or undesirable implementation .The constructive intentionality thus leading to increase in innovation effectiveness. The findings also show that employees attribution to constructive intentionality is not significantly associated with the passive implementation or rather implementation by the mere fact of following instructions . On the hand any employee with a attribution to deceptive intentionality avoided implementation and thus leading to decrease in the innovation effectiveness.
In the journal electronic physician, a study was conducted to determine the successful implementation of a Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) from the physicians perspective. This technology had various advantages as learnt from various hospitals where it had been implemented such as it aided in avoiding errors , it reduced handwritten notes, It ensured confidentiality and most importantly it led to increased patients safety since it allowed for proper decision making by the doctor. Data was collected through questionnaires from the two hundred physicians in order to determine their attitude toward the system innovation, The diffusion of innovation theory formed the basis of the literature review. Data analysis was done using the descriptive analysis method. The study had several limitations including the small sample size , the target population only involved physicians and only quantitative analysis was conducted . In the results the highest percentage of physicians had heard about the advantages of the CPOE system CPOE system but they had never used the system.
Despite the system advantages physicians were reluctant or their attribution towards the implementation was negative. In conclusion since physicians did not have a good attitude or rather were negative despite the system having an advantage it meant that implementation was not possible and thus the physicians preferred their normal way of recording which had a lot of error . The study thus recommended proper training of the physicians as a way of reducing their negative perception towards the health innovation .This thus supports the earlier case study that employee attitude towards an innovation determines its implementation.
In conclusion based on the two case studies the behavior or reaction of an employee towards an innovation determines if it will be successfully implemented or not . Attribution of employees are either towardsconstructive intentionality or deceptive intentionality . in the Implementation of a project an employee can be actively or passively involved or he can avoid the implementation process completely. Attribution to constructive intentionality has a huge positive impact on the innovation effectiveness. Constructive intentionality leads to active involvement in the implementation process and thus resulting to innovation effectiveness. From the study a person who is passive or rather only follows implementation rules laid by the organization is not attributed to constructive intentionality. An employee attributed to deceptive intentionality avoids the implementation of an innovation