TASK ASSIGNMENT
Question 1: “Research on various forms of Antennas”
There are various forms of antennas accessible in wireless communication domain. For example, Yagi, Cellular antenna, Horn antenna etc. A research is conducted on these innovations in antennas particularly in terms of usage, benefits and disadvantages or limitations of these antennas. These different forms of antennas are categorized in different types like Omni-directional, semi-directional and directional antennas. Yagi and Horn Antennas are the examples of directional antennas. These antennas possess passive gain that is employed to increase the indication measured in decibels (Akkarajitsakul, Hossain, Niyato, & Kim, 2011). We explored these forms of antennas and will describe them one by one as follows:
Yagi Antenna
Yagi antennas share a dipole as the leading or “driven” constituent. Yagi antennas are commonly used in ham radio, TV reception, and as a connection antenna to link a location with a Wi-Fi admittance point. The benefits include that Yagis are sort of “directional antennas”. The Yagi antenna’s scheme or design help to sieve out nearly each signal noise approaching from the reverse direction. However, frequency or bandwidth assortment is rather restricted (Wilhite, 2016).
Cellular Antennas
These kind of antennas are usually practiced in cell phones. Antennas are utilized to obtain or direct an RF sign in communication through wireless innovation. Cell phone antennas can be utilized in combination with a motorized signal promoter for instance, a repeater or an inline amplifier linked straight to the device or cell phone through a cellular phone coax adapter or adapter cable (Arora, n.d.).
Horn Antenna
A “Horn Antenna” comprises of the microwaves. Accumulation of the components to a “Horn Antenna” increases its directionality. It fundamentally turns out to be slighter in its emphasis. In minute, the intrusion stages are abridged, particularly from the edges (Pelton, 2005).
According to my viewpoint and perspective on different available antennas for wireless communication, an antenna that will dominate the future world of wireless innovation is “SMART ANTENNAS”. It is beneficial and dominating for future generation wireless systems since it has high level of voice superiority in comparison to currently used “cellular mobile radio standards” and offer high amount bit rate information amenities respectively. Hence from the environment, it is perfect that SMART Antennas will turn out to be the dominant actors’ in the forthcoming period of long-distance and medium-distance connections utilizing wireless innovation. Cellular antennas amplify spectral effectiveness, information rates, superiority of facility and consistency will be required for wireless network mobile communications (Pelton, 2005).
Question 2: “Difference between multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA in Wireless Networking”
Answer 2:
We are going to compare and contrast these major multiplexing technologies along with the benefits.
CDMA: In this technique, cells are joined to particular and individual codes. The data is classified into small packets which are sent across the network over the different frequency ranges present at the time. This is often utilized in web communication, these days. The transmission channels are used by many signals which results into the optimum utilization of the present bandwidth. As the bandwidth is optimally utilized, it results into reduced energy consumption. It may also result in overlapping of calls sharing through the same channel.
FDMA: It stands for “Frequency Division Multiple Access”. FDMA is referred as the most well-known simple “analogue multiple access method”. In this technique, the channels of the frequency band are divided with equal bandwidth. This results in a mechanism where every conversation can be executed on the different frequency range.
In this mechanism, the cross-talking among the different channels is avoided with the help of guard bands which is placed in the contiguous signal spectra. The Ist generation of mobile devices mainly used this technique. The underneath figure displays the perfect illustration of FDMA admittance:
The finest instance of an FDMA scheme is “Cable TV” scheme. The method is likewise utilized in “fiber optic communication” schemes. The previous form of FDMA grounded schemes are “Analog Telephone” schemes. The operators might likewise stake admittance by means of CDMA, SDMA or TDMA.
In previous “aerospace telemetry” and satellite systems, FDMA built structure are utilized. However currently, each of these network or wireless applications practices TDMA digital admittance (Akkarajitsakul, Hossain, Niyato, & Kim, 2011).
A comparison table of CDMA and FDMA is given below:
- No.
Attribute
CDMA
FDMA
1
Communication
Digital/continuous
Analog/Discontinuous
2
Channel
An individual code is followed.
Frequency bands are divided
3
Technique
All packets are transmitted over a common frequency
Different frequency used for different packet transmission
4
Drawback
Complex receivers, requires more complex senders
Inflexible, Limited Frequency resources
References
Akkarajitsakul, K., Hossain, E., Niyato, D., & Kim, D. I. (2011). Game Theoretic Approaches for Multiple Access in Wireless Networks: A Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 13(03), 372-395. doi:10.1109/SURV.2011.122310.000119
Arora, R. (n.d.). Recent Advances in Wireless Data Networking. Retrieved from wustl: https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/ftp/wireless_data.pdf
Pelton, J. N. (2005). Future Trends in Satellite Communications: Markets and Services. International Engineering Consortium.
V.S.Bagad. (2009). Wireless Communication. Technical Publications.
Wilhite, T. (2016, November 15). The Pros and Cons of Yagi Antennas. Retrieved from turbofuture: https://turbofuture.com/misc/Pros-and-Cons-of-Yagi-Antennas