The Big Band Theory
Introduction
The big bang theory continues to persist as the central concept to explain the origin of universes based on different pieces of evidence provided by scientists. The theory, explains that cosmos began with the early, dense and homogeneous form of high-energy matter and radiation which followed expansion cooling and clumping together to form the today existing universe. Moreover, before the occurrence of the Big Bang activities, the universe experienced cosmic inflation. In the course of inflation, the universe underwent exponential expansion hence stretching the minuscule regions far. Equally, at this stage, the hot universe made it possible for the existence of neutrons and protons in large number due to high energy for free exchange back and forth. Helium and hydrogen make up almost all of the nuclear matter in the current universe hence consistent with the big bang theory. Moreover, in today universe, the arriving light from distant galaxy shifts into the red due to continuous expansion process of the cosmos, which also affects the speed of light. Electromagnetic radiation existed shortly after the big bang events now persist and observed as the CBR, which offers support for the model.
Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR)
Different pieces of evidence exist to support the big bang theory, also known as the birth of the universe. According to Rubakov and Gorbunov (2018), approximately past 13.7 billion years ago, the creation of the matter and energy in the universe occurred through an enormous explosion termed as the big bang (Rubakov & Gorbunov, 2018). The universe underwent expansion and cooling as it continues to do so in current scenarios, as explained by various experts. However, cosmic background radiation (CBR) offers significant evidence to support the big bang model. Notably, electromagnetic radiation existed shortly after the big bang events now persist and observed as the CBR. As per Rubakov and Gorbunov (2018), the cosmic background radiation exists as the energy released as a result of antimatter and matter annihilate each other during the Big Bang. Furthermore, CBR occurs as almost all the uniform radiations originating from all regions of the sky. The radio signal confirms the apparent of the evidence reading temperature of 2.7K believed to undergo cooling after the event of Big Bang (Howell, 2017). Moreover, the sum of energy in CBR exists as “greater than all the energy generated by all stars in universe since the formation of galaxies and stars!” (Howell, 2017) that occurs as a fantastic fact about the 2.7K reading.
Composition of Universe Elements
Different scientists have employed the use of powerful telescope hence making extensive spectroscopic observations and surveys of the distant galaxies and stars. The data generated from these studies show that helium and hydrogen comprise nearly all of the nuclear matter existing in the current universes. According to Meyers (2018), hydrogen makes up 74% making its most abundant element by mass while helium accounts for 25% while heavier elements include less than 1% of the sum (Calcagni, 2017). Notably, the ratio of hydrogen to helium exists as 3:1 together with relatively scarce heavier elements provides a crucial clue on the temperature, density as well as the rate of expansion in the early universe (Howell, 2017). The association between these observations and the forecast of the big bang model indicates significant evidence that supports the theory (Meyers, 2018). On the same note, the composition of the helium and hydrogen in the current universe confirms the consistency with the big band model. The big bang nucleosynthesis refers to the process involved in the formation of helium and hydrogen as well as other trace elements. Meyers (2018) explains that the ratio of the hydrogen to helium remains unchanged due to lack of process that don so hence assumed that the ratio persisted at the time when deuterons gained its stable form in the process of universe expansion.
Doppler Red-Shift Evidence
The Big Bang model explains that the formation of the universe originated from the small original point and underwent an expansion to create the today universe. As per Siegel (2019), The Doppler Red-Shift of light originating from the distant galaxies and stars shows evidence of universe expansion by moving away from the central point. Siegel (2019) posits that The facts support the big bang theory since after the “bang” all the matters moved and still moves away from the central point of origin. However, in the course of light moving away from the object, the distance experienced between its waves increase as explained by the red light since waves exist at longer distances and far apart (Siegel, 2019). Based on various studies, the blue light shows the evidence for the opposite since the compression of the waves results from the process of an object moving closer. Furthermore, upon processing the spectroscopic data, the object that exhibits red-shift moves away from the viewer and the objects that shows blue-shift moves closer to the viewer (Howell, 2017). Therefore, the light originating from the distant galaxies exists as red, indicating the galaxies continuously move away (Siegel, 2019). The concept implies that the more distant galaxies move, the greater red-shits they would possess hence the more distant the galaxies, the faster it moves.
Movement of Galaxies
Detailed observation of different morphological factors of galaxies as well as their distributions agrees with the current nature of the Big Bang model. As per Meyers (2018), theories and observations affirm that formation of galaxies occurred in billions of years ago after the big bang. Moreover, since then, the creation of larger bodies such as galaxy and supercluster still forms (Calcagni, 2017). However, the speed of light plays a significant role in explaining the concept. For instance, id the creation of the two particles occurs close to one another, in the inflationary state, they would adhere to the laws of special relativity (Rubakov & Gorbunov, 2018). Thus, they would move relatively less than the speed of light. Notably, the space between the two particles or objects would expand at the rate dictated by the universe (Meyers, 2018). The galaxies contained in the current universe that lie past 15 billion years appears receding from the earth faster than the speed of light.
Conclusion
To conclude, the big bang model explains the origin of the universe through various explanations, evidenced generated by multiples scientist over time. The universe underwent expansion and cooling as it continues to expand, as explained by different experts and evidence. Moreover, the cosmic background radiation exists as the energy released as a result of antimatter and matter annihilate each other during the Big Bang, which significantly supports the model. Furthermore, Different scientists have conducted extensive spectroscopic observations and surveys of the distant galaxies and stars. From the observations, studies show that helium and hydrogen comprise nearly all of the nuclear matter existing in the current universes. Similarly, the ratio of hydrogen to helium, 3:1 and scarce heavier elements provide a crucial clue on the temperature, density as well as the rate of expansion in the early universe. On the same note, the Doppler Red-Shift of light originating from the distant galaxies shows evidence of universe expansion hence moving away from the central point. Nevertheless, observation of morphological characteristics of galaxies and their distributions agrees with the current state of the Big Bang model.
References
Rubakov, V. A., & Gorbunov, D. S. (2018). Introduction to the Theory of the Early Universe: Hot big bang theory. World Scientific.
Siegel, E. (2019). How Come Cosmic Inflation Doesn’t Break The Speed Of Light?. Retrieved 29 January 2020, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/04/12/how-come-cosmic-inflation-doesnt-break-the-speed-of-light/#54d4f4061e40
Meyers, A. (2018). Evidence for the Big Bang Theory: Background Radiation, Red-Shift and Expansion. Retrieved 29 January 2020, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/evidence-for-the-big-bang-theory-background-radiation-red-shift-and-expansion.html
Howell, E. (2017). What Is the Big Bang Theory?. Retrieved 29 January 2020, from https://www.space.com/25126-big-bang-theory.html
Calcagni, G. (2017). Hot Big Bang Model. In Classical and Quantum Cosmology (pp. 13-62). Springer, Cham.