The influence of social media on cyberbullying on teenage behavior
Background
The development of the world today is very developing and modern. Various facilities, facilities, and infrastructure are increasingly adequate and facilitate human life. Starting from the development of transportation to communication, everything developed in such a way. As for developments in the world of communication is the use of communication devices in the form of telephones, and then into mobile phones aimed at making it easier for humans to communicate and bring relationships and distances closer, but this is still considered lacking because they are only able to be used by people who know each other and are related. In this age of globalization, technology has become the most important part of life and is one thing that always coexists in people’s lives. There isn’t even people who do not know the name of social media, ranging from children, adolescents, to the elderly must be very familiar with social media. The Ministry of Communication and Information (Kemenkominfo) stated that in 2018 internet users in Indonesia reached 54 percent or 143 million of the 265 million inhabitants of Indonesia. Of these, there are 415 million cell phone account numbers in circulation. This is why many use cellphone numbers to cheat, bullying, and spread hoaxes. Therefore the Ministry of Communication and Informatics made an account registration policy to reduce violations through mobile phones. From the registration policy, the number of cellphone number accounts was reduced to 300 million users. The high intensity of the use of social media in the world as well as in Indonesia itself proves that social networking or social media are an inseparable part of life, not least for teenagers today. Teenagers certainly use electronic media in accessing social media. The use of electronic media is unlimited, meaning that a person is free to use social media at any time. Therefore, time should be used for other activities, such as sleeping, often spent on electronic media. Adolescence is a period of transition from the stage of human development. Adolescence can be interpreted as a transition from childhood to adulthood which experiences development in all aspects or functions to enter adulthood (Rumini and Sundari, 2004: 118). These changes include biological changes, social changes, and psychological changes. In adolescence, someone will show certain behaviors such as unruly, easily carried by the flow of relationships, easily aroused feelings and so on. Social media has the power of user-enerated content (UGC) where content is produced by users, not by editors as in mass media institutions (Nasrullah 2015: 11). While DR. Rose Mini A.P., M. Psi, said that currently social media is often used as a means for cartasis, which is an effort to channel emotions and get attention (Nasrullah, 2015: 66). In its development, social media has an influence on every aspect of the lives of its users, both positive and negative influences. If in a positive influence it is easier for us to interact with everyone, then on the negative side it is vulnerable to violence. At the age of adolescence, social media is very influential on the behavior that they do because adolescence is a transition period in the inner lives of children which can make their emotional instability very easily and easily influenced by external stimuli. So that this teenager is vulnerable to violence both in the real world and in cyberspace. One form of violence that often occurs in cyberspace is cyberbullying behavior. Cyberbullying is a term that was added to the OED dictionary in 2010. This term refers to the use of information technology to bully people by sending or posting intimidating or threatening texts.
OED suggests the first use of this term refers to the first usage of this term for the first time in Canberra in 1998, but this term pre-dates the 1995 New Yorks Time Article where many Canadian Besley scholars and writers launched the 2013 cyberbullying website with coining term. Understanding cyberbullying is internet technology to hurt others intentionally or repeatedly. Cyberbullying is a form of intimidation that perpetrators do to harass their victims through technological devices. Perpetrators want to see someone hurt, there are many ways that they do to attack the victim with cruel messages and images that are disturbing and distributed to embarrass the victim for others who see it. In fact, violence in cyberspace or cyberbullying turns out to be more painful when compared to physical violence. According to the secretary general of the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII), there are around 49 percent of netizens who have been targets of bullying on social media. The survey results were conducted to internet users in Indonesia during the period from March to April 14, 2019.
The result was as many as 5,900 samples were given questions, most of them answered that they had been subjected to ridicule by other netizens on social media. Of the 49 percent of people who have been the target of bullying on social media, as many as 31.6 percent said they often tolerated the treatment and did nothing. There are many factors that influence cyberbullying behavior in adolescents, including: (1) traditional bullying, bullying events experienced in the real world have a major influence on an individual’s tendency to become cyberbullies (cyberbullying perpetrators), (2) personality characteristics, (3) perception Against victims, most of them revealed the reason they bullied victims was because of the nature or characteristics of the victims who invited them to bully. From this presentation it can be seen that a person’s perceptions and attractions towards a particular individual can influence their attitudes towards that individual. (3) Strain, which is a condition of psychological tension arising from negative relationships with others that produces negative effects, especially anger and frustration) that lead to delinquency, (4) the role of parent and child interaction, the role of parents in supervising children’s activities in interacting on the internet is a factor that influences the tendency of children to engage in cyberbullying actions (Disa, 2011). This cyberbullying phenomenon among adolescents is increasingly widespread, many cases of non-verbal bullying through social media. One example that we can see on social media such as Instagram, Twitter, and other platforms such as hate speech or hate and dislike words to certain people. In fact, Instagram is the number one cyberbullying media according to a survey of the anti-bullying donation agency, Ditch The Label. Typically, victims of cyberbullying on Instagram are users who have a lot of followers or likes a lot or now referred to as “celebrity”, while those who make negative comments are called haters. The comments column on some of the selebgram accounts is often filled with hate comments by haters. An American celebrity named Amanda Cerny who has Instagram followers reaching 17 million mentioned one of the reasons haters did cyberbullying to him on Instagram is to vent their anger. Cyberbullying behavior in Indonesia is a new problem along with the development of information technology. Not many studies have focused on raising this issue so that the cyberbullying case also cannot be revealed to the full surface, even though the impact of this case is quite dangerous. The impact of cyberbullying is almost the same as traditional bullying, even the impact can be more than traditional bullying (Ayuningtyas, 2013: 76 in grand and utari 2014: 3) Cyberbullying behavior can also have a negative psychological impact, including victims experiencing depression, anxiety, discomfort, achievement in school decline, do not want to hang out with peers, avoid the social environment, and the existence of suicide attempts. Cyberbullying that is experienced by adolescents on a prolonged basis will cause severe stress, paralyze self-confidence so that it triggers it to take deviant actions such as cheating, ditching, running away from home, even to drinking or using drugs. Cyberbullying can also make them depressed, worried, and always feel guilty or fail. While the most frightening impact is when a victim of cyberbullying ends in ending his life (suicide) because he is unable to face the problem he is facing. In Indonesia itself there have been many cases of crime or cyberbullying that caused victims to experience mental disorders. One of them was experienced by someone named Yoga Cahyadi in 2012 in Yogyakarta. Yoga Cahyadi is considered to have failed to become chairman of the committee of one of the major events in his area. Much pressure was put on him both directly and through social media owned by him. Feeling a lot of pressure outside the party, Yoga Cahyadi decided to commit suicide by crashing himself on the train.
This indicates the influence caused by cyberbullying. In the psychological information article written by Alamsyah in a virtual journal (2015: 2), “cyberbullying is a form of violence experienced by children or adolescents and carried out by their peers through the cyber world”. Because of a great curiosity, teenagers can indeed be said to be very vulnerable to cyberbullying in the use of social networking. This study aims to determine how the influence of social media on cyberbullying behavior in adolescents, especially students because each student is classified as a teenager who falls into the category of cyberbullying crime. Cyberbullying is considered valid if the offender and victim are under the age of 18 and are not legally considered an adult. As quoted in the journal Akbar and Utari (2014: 3) Juvonen (20018: 68) revealed that the development of the use of communication technology, especially in adolescents, cyberspace is a new forum that is at risk for violence. Referring to the phenomena that occur among adolescents about cyberbullying, the authors intend to carry out research with the title “The influence of social media on cyberbullying behavior in adolescents”.