The uses of race, gender (or other factors) to generate wealth for some at the expense of others
On page seven of Global Capitalism, Immigrant Labor, and the Struggle for Justice, “The super-exploitation of an immigrant workforce would not be possible if that workforce had the same civil, political and labor rights as citizens if it did not face the insecurities and vulnerabilities of being undocumented or illegal.” To generate more wealth for capitalists, the weak people in the society, especially the immigrants, had to suffer. Denying immigrants full citizenship is a way of making them vulnerable to deportation when their documents are no longer valid. This gives capitalists a great opportunity to take advantage of the immigrants to get cheap labor and, in return, protect them from deportation. The dominant races use anti-immigrant policies to take advantage of immigrants’ vulnerability to force them to work as per their terms.
Strategies of dispossession
On page two of Global Capitalism, Immigrant Labor, and the Struggle for Justice, “The internal transfer in this New World of tens of millions of indigenous populations; The displacement from their lands of millions of European peasants by the forces of capitalist expansion and their migration around the world as laborers.” To create a capitalist system, the capitalists used different strategies to dispossess the indigenous and peasants’ properties to force them to work for money. For capitalists to gain more from the capitalist system, they have to force the weak people to an edge so that they can submit to them. The use of the capitalist system is the only way capitalist can dispossess people’s properties without fear of their actions being considered illegal. For capitalism to be effective, the capitalists have to take control of other people and their wealth.
Strategies of dehumanization
In chapter six of policing back lives page 159, “The imposition of different categories of citizenship, in effect, delineate who belongs to the realm of humane treatment and state protections, and who is excluded or deemed temporary illegal and disposable.” For a long time, race, sexuality, class, and disability has been used to determine the desirable migrants and those that should be excluded from any benefits. Those deemed undesired are treated as less human, and they are made to feel bad for their conditions. People from the lower class are treated like they are less humans and are denied access to most resources. The same inhumane treatment is experienced by immigrants from minority races and those with disabilities.
Gender-based discourses & strategies that reinforce patriarchal domination and white supremacy
Chapter six of policing black lives page 179, the immigration system in Canada focuses on stereotypes that label black women as sexually immoral, loose, and having a proclivity to bear children. This has exposed black, female-headed families in Canada towards hostility because, through their birth, they continue to contaminate Canada. This makes black women in Canada appear manipulative because they want to bear more passport babies who will enjoy Canadian citizenship. Suppose women are judged based on the stereotypes associated with them. In that case, society will never understand the importance of women in society, and they will always be considered inferior to men.
The uses of particular discourses to rationalize dispossession, exploitation, killing, or removal of racialized bodies
In chapter six of policing black lives page 162, criminalization of migration is used to justify the ill-treatment that people without a full Canadian citizenship face. Immigrants in Canada are not given full citizenship, which means they cannot enjoy the same rights as citizens. This has left out immigrants from protection against exploitation and freedom from violence. Immigrants who are exploited have no way of retaliating because no laws are protecting them against exploitation. Poor and racialized immigrants are the victims of the criminalization of migration because all their rights as citizens are stripped.
Colonial practices and their enduring effects in other countries
In New whiteness(es), beyond the color line? Assessing the contradictions and complexities of “whiteness” in the (geo)political economy of capitalist globalism page 149, there are a significant number of people in the global North that are treated as waste. During the colonial era, white people enjoyed some whiteness privileges that non-white people did not enjoy. In all the colonized countries, white people were considered special, and the concept is still there because people of color feel inferior to white people. This has given white people supremacy and power that of pushing the people of color into poverty.
Racial categories and global capitalism
In the article Global Capitalism, Immigrant Labor, and the Struggle for Justice page six, criminalization and militarization are pushing undocumented immigrants to extreme positions, and they are forced to take any jobs to survive. Racial categories are essential for creating global capitalism because the dominant races are taking control of the resources, and the minority races are forced to work for capital to survive. The concept of global capitalism is to make rich people richer and poor people poorer. People from dominant races are gaining more wealth at the expense of minority races because the capitalist system has forced minority races to lose their properties. Most immigrants being forced to take any jobs are from minority races, and they have to offer their services to the dominant races at a lower price. This puts the dominant races at an economic advantage because they can get cheap labor.