Name:
Date:
PICOT Question: “In the patients undergoing various treatments in the hospital, how effective is the policy change on the sides of supply and demand compared to making the current nurses recruiters and reward them for the referrals, in preventing the medical errors, reduce workload per nurse, and improve the quality of care within eight months?”
Write out in the PICOT question sentence format.
Article 1
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Halter, M., Pelone, F., Boiko, O., Beighton, C., Harris, R., Gale, J., Gourlay, S., & Drennan, V. (2017). Interventions to Reduce Adult Nursing Turnover: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. The open nursing journal, 11, 108–123. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874434601711010108 |
| Purpose | This study’s focus is to review the literature on approaches to decrease the rate of turnover among the nurses providing healthcare to adults in developed countries.
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| Evidence Type | Systematic review |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample of this study included the research articles published from 1990 to 2015. The sample size included seven articles. The setting of the study was in developing countries (America and Europe) |
| Data Collection | The data was collected by assessing several databases, including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and others. Out of 654 articles identified, only 7 of them met the stipulated criteria. |
| Study Findings | The findings indicated that turnover rates, preceptorship of leaders, and new graduates for group cohesion were used. |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The limitation of this study is the use of systematic review, which is prone to criticism. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | This study is relevant to the PICOT as it shows some of the efforts that have employed in reducing the shortage of nurses. This implies the need to try different methods to alleviate the issue of shortage of staff. |
Article 2
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Brook, J., Aitken, L., Webb, R., MacLaren, J., & Salmon, D. (2019). Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early-career nurses: A systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, 91, 47-59. |
| Purpose | This study’s purpose was to assess the qualities of an effective intervention to enhance the retention and diminish the turnover of newly employed nurses. |
| Evidence Type | Systematic review |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample included 523 studies that were collected from 2001-2018. The sample as based on online reviews. |
| Data Collection | The data was collected by analyzing 53 sources from Academic Search Complete, Medline, Health Policy reference Centre, EMBASE, Psychinfo, CINAHL, and the Cochran Library |
| Study Findings | The findings indicated that some of the promising approaches to reduce turnovers are either transition/orientation programs or residency/orientation to practice program.
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| Limitations (State why the limitations) | Some of the studies assessed in this review were more than ten years old, making them less relevant. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | The findings of this study are relevant to both PICOT and Advanced Nursing Practice because it provides an overview of what can be used to address the presented problem. |
Article 3
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Jarrar, M. T., Rahman, H. A., Minai, M. S., AbuMadini, M. S., & Larbi, M. (2018). The function of patient-centered care in mitigating the effect of nursing shortage on the outcomes of care. The International Journal of health planning and management, 33(2), e464-e473. |
| Purpose | The study’s purpose was to scrutinize the arbitrating impact of patient-focus on the correlation between nurses’ shortage in the surgical and medical wards.
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| Evidence Type | A descriptive, cross‐sectional study |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample included nurses from 12 private healthcare centers. The sample size was 652 nurses, and the setting was Malaysian private healthcare centers. |
| Data Collection | The data was collected via self‐ dispensed questionnaire |
| Study Findings | The findings showed that the patient-focus assists in mitigating the adverse correlation of the shortage of staff in nursing on patient outcomes. |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The limitation of this study is that it was primarily focused on private hospitals, making it hard to employ in pubic settings. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | The study is relevant to the PICOT because it helps explain the extent of the effect of the identified issue. This study implies the need to address the shortage of staff as it hinders access to quality care. |
Article 4
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Heidari, M., Seifi, B., & Gharebagh, Z. A. (2017). Nursing staff retention: Effective factors. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10(6), 1467. |
| Purpose | This research aims to identify the organizational and personal factors that impact the retention of nurses.
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| Evidence Type | A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample included recently graduated nurses, and the sample size was a total of 500. The setting of the study was ten general healthcare centers based in Tehran. |
| Data Collection | The data was collected through questionnaire |
| Study Findings | The findings ascertained that among the factors that determine the retention are organization and job satisfaction, social support, and job stress. |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The study mostly focuses on the causes while ignoring the effect aspect of the issue identified. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | This study helps in understanding the cause of the issue identified in the PICOT. The findings show the need for considering the organizational and personal factors that encourage turnover in order to create a lasting solution. |
Article 5
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Karagiannidis, C., Kluge, S., Riessen, R., Krakau, M., Bein, T., & Janssens, U. (2019). Impact of nursing staff shortage on intensive care medicine capacity in Germany. MEDIZINISCHE KLINIK-INTENSIVMEDIZIN UND NOTFALLMEDIZIN, 114(4), 327-333. |
| Purpose | This research aims to methodically explore the effect of closing the ICU beds due to the shortage of nurses. |
| Evidence Type | Quantitative study |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample of this study included the authorized trainers in ICU medicine, and the study occurred in Germany.
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| Data Collection | The data was collected through a survey |
| Study Findings | The findings show that the deficit n ICU beds are due to bed closure which can be attributed to the shortage of nurses |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The limitation of this study is the small sample size, making it hard to generalize the findings. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | The study is relevant to the PICOT because it explains the consequences of the shortage of nursing staff. It is important in advanced nursing practice because it highlights some possible issues that could arise if the problem is not addressed. |
Article 6
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Fathi, R. (2018). Nursing Shortage and Ethical Issues: A Narrative Review. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 13(2), 50-58. |
| Purpose | This research aims to review the ethical concerns faced by different communities because of a shortage of nurses.
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| Evidence Type | Systematic review |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample selected was past literature. Out of 562 titles, 6 of them were synthesized. The setting of this study was Iran. |
| Data Collection | The data was collected through the analysis of the past literature. |
| Study Findings | The findings reported that the shortage of nurses leads to ethical issues like emotional distress and burnout. |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The limitation of this study is that it relied on other researchers’ findings, which could present some errors. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | The source is related to the PICOT as it shows the impact of the shortage. It raises awareness among the professionals in advanced nursing practice on the need for intervention. |
Article 7
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Gray, K., Wilde, R., & Shutes, K. (2018). Enhancing nurse satisfaction: an exploration of specialty nurse shortage in a region of NHS England. Nursing Management, 25(1). |
| Purpose | The research’s purpose was to assess to what degree healthcare assistants ad registered nurses (nursing staff) are gratified with workplace independence, advancing professional development (CPD) opportunities, and team-working prospects.
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| Evidence Type | Qualitative study |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The setting of this study is NHS West Midlands, and the sample included the nursing staff. |
| Data Collection | The data was collected through a survey questionnaire |
| Study Findings | The findings ascertained that autonomy, CPD, and team-working affected the level of satisfaction. |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The study relied on qualitative data, thus making it hard to make scientific and informed inferences. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | The findings in this study show the demand-side factors that lead to a shortage of nurses, and this is important to the Advanced Nursing Practice because it can come up with a lasting solution to these issues. |
Article 8
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | |
| Purpose | This analysis will delineate the policy-making process in the first Thailand government plan to augment the nursing capability and enhance the quality of nursing education.
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| Evidence Type | Mixed study |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample included 28 key informants that were based in Thai.
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| Data Collection | The data was collected through in-depth interviews. |
| Study Findings | The findings presented the need for policy formulation, implementation, and modification to address the shortage of nursing staff. |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The limitation of this study is that some informants did not take part in an interview due to time shortage, which reduced the size of the sample. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | This study supports the main intervention proposed in the PICOT. The research shows the importance of taking a policy-based approach to address the issue of nursing staff shortage. |
Article 9
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Shamsi, A., & Peyravi, H. (2020). Nursing shortage, a different challenge in Iran: A systematic review. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 34, 8. https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.8 |
| Purpose | This analysis focuses on conducting a review of the causes of the nursing shortage and possible solutions. |
| Evidence Type | Systematic review |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample collected was 537 study articles, and the setting of the study was Iran. |
| Data Collection | Data was collected from the synthesis of 31 articles. |
| Study Findings | In Iran, the main causes of nursing staff shortage include lack of desire and unwillingness to join the profession, negative view about nursing, low salary, and job abandonment. The proposed solution consists of the introduction of flexible work timetables, retention of the current nurses, enhance the public view about the field, change the work environment, and enhance payment.
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| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The limitation of this research is its methodology, which hinders the replication of the findings in other parts of the world. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | This study is important is proposes some of the solutions that could be considered in the PICOT. It also offers causes of staff shortage and possible solutions, which is important to the Advanced Nursing Practice. |
Article 10
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Ackerson, K., & Stiles, K. A. (2018). Value of nurse residency programs in retaining new graduate nurses and their potential effect on the nursing shortage. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 49(6), 282-288. |
| Purpose | The study’s purpose was to review what the past study mentions about nurse residency program enforcement in the astute care environment and their capacity to retain nursing professionals. |
| Evidence Type | Systematic review |
| Sample, Sample Size, and Setting | The sample encompassed the articles published within ten years, and 42 articles were analyzed. The setting of the research was the acute healthcare in the US. |
| Data Collection | The data collection method included the synthesis of the selected articles |
| Study Findings | The results showed that the created program with a minimum of 1-year duration was somehow more practical at retention. Nevertheless, retention was not prolonged in the second year. |
| Limitations (State why the limitations) | The identified limitations are that the evidence level present in this exploration was limited, and the approaches used to assess the programs were shaky. |
| Relevance to the PICOT and Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice | This study provides some insights into the solution proposed in PICOT, and this is important in the Advanced Nursing Practice as it shows the root cause of the problem. |