Topic: Correctional Facilities Essay.
Chapter 1
The Pennsylvania system encouraged the solitary confinement of prisoners. It is designed to keep prisoners separate during work, to prevent prisoners from being distracted and to avoid remorse. As Auburn introduces the system, different levels of cells are created on top of each other, containing convicts according to their category of crime, facing for the first time against repeaters, murderers against thieves, etc. According to the classification, occupants wear uniforms of different colours. The work system generates income that the Pennsylvania system could not generate, and that system is much more profitable and practical.
Chapter 2
Committing a felony is the most serious type of crime. It is generally considered a crime if punished in state prison for more than a year. Examples of serious crimes include murder and sale of illegal drugs. In contrast, minor or misdemeanour crimes are less serious crimes and can usually lead to a year in prison in the district prison. Theft and assault are common crimes. Often, a crime that is a minor crime becomes a felony when committed for the second time.
Chapter 3
A compelling arrangement of inmate classification will reduce escapes, jail suicides, and plans to break out of jail. Prison groupings frameworks utilize privately created and approved instruments, one at admission and another after a time of constrained, that distinguish the degree of hazard and needs to be introduced by a detainee, so suitable accommodation and program assignments can be made.
Chapter 4
Standard Probation occurs when an offender is not detained but remains under supervision while waiting to be released. The individual must, however, adhere to the conditions of probation. Special probation conditions are an additional punishments ordered by the court, such as electronic monitoring. The standard probation conditions will involve an individual reporting to a correctional officer, strict obedience to the laws, not being in the company of any criminal or being in possession of firearms.
Chapter 5
The growth of anti-drug criminals increased by 50%. Only a minority of the arrests are traffickers and dealers. Among those arrested for sale and trafficking, the majority are low-level and drug traffickers, whose arrests do not prevent the supply of illicit drugs.
Due to the explosive growth of the prison population, federal prisons are overcrowded by 35%. According to the United States Penitentiary Security and Abuse Commission, overcrowding has exacerbated the detainees‘ health problems and should be addressed.
The inability to arrest drug cartels and criminals is linked to the financial burden of the correctional system.
Chapter 6
Alexander Maconochie introduced the Mark system in 1840 for the correctional facilities as a penal method, instead of the normal fixed sentence, prisoners were required to earn specific number of marks depending on the seriousness of their crimes and if they had achieved the required level of marks and a good behavior they would then be released. This system is sometimes used in the modern day when some prisoner have exhibited very high levels of discipline, good behavior and have gone through training to improve their skills.
Chapter 7
Biological Risk Factors-Some criminologists accept our biological functions can incline us to commit a crime. Biological factors, remembering differences for autonomic excitement, neurobiology, and neuroendocrine working have been appeared to improve the probability that we may perpetuate criminal acts.
Substance Abuse-There is no conversation that criminal conduct and substance abuse are associated. Eighty-five per cent of the American prison prisoners have abused prescriptions or alcohol. In all cases, the physiological and mental changes realized by intoxicants unfavourably influence our tact and dynamic. A changed state can lead directly to executing a criminal demonstration.
Chapter 8
Re Gault was a 14 year old kid who went through a trial process as an adult contrary to how the juveniles were tried. He was accused of making a prank phone call. The case brought a lot of criticism on the treatment of juveniles as adults. And in 1970, the courts required that juveniles with criminal cases should be proved beyond reasonable doubt. The juveniles were also given treatment as adults such as being notified of their charges, rights to councel etc.
Chapter 9
The growing weaknesses in jail are the disappointment of an era of postponed sentences, driven by the out of line criminal-equity strategies of the unending war on drugs. Presently the flooding in convicts over the previous decades has busted into a “darkwave” of more than 131,000 individuals age 55 or more established in state detainment facilities all-inclusive. A few measurements put the per-more established detainee cost at twofold that of a more youthful wrongdoer, however other research show it tends to be as much as multiple times the run of a typical amount.
Chapter 10
Unit management in prison is a case where the prison or jail is split into small sizes which are self-contained with similar staff who are able to manage the prisoners everyday. The benefit of this kind of system is that the prison is in a position to have a much closer relationship with the prisoners with consistency which results to a much better communication between the prisoners and the staff.
Chapter 11
The concept of inmate code is defined by the guidelines or the norms which the prisoners develop inside the prisons social system. The inmate code defines the image of a prisoner inside the prison. This helps the prisoners have a sense of unity inside the prison and make them work together in protecting and improving themselves.
Chapter 12
Transformational leaders make good wardens because the nature of transformational leadership itselfrequire that the leader treats his subjects as a team in order to bring change and achieve certain goals. With a transformational leader, the prisoners become inspired to become better persons both inside the prison and after they become free men. The staff also benefit from this kind of a leader, because they become more motivated to do their work inside the prison in ethical and professional ways.
Chapter 13
The level of custody and security required for an inmate will depend on the amount of supervision required for that particular inmate. There are four levels of custody which the inmate can be place on:
- Community custody; this is where the inmate is allowed to go out into the community without much supervision.
- Minimum Security Prisons-These is restorative offices worked with the least limitations on the detainees. These jails house, for the most part, peaceful guilty parties who present little threat to the general population. Numerous base security prisoners are first-time guilty parties and have been indicted for petty offences.
- Medium Security Prisons-These are restorative offices worked with a more significant number of limitations than minimum security prisons, yet fewer limitations than maximum-security prisons. These prisoners are regularly lower-level guilty parties who present little hazard to people in general.
- Maximum security prisons; this is where prisoner are treated with the highest security level and maximum restrictions. Close to a quarter of all the prisoner are known to be under the maximum security prisons. Their crimes could very grave and are considered to be very dangerous to the public.
Chapter 14
Based on this underlying arrangement, the jail staff will decide the prisoner’s movement through the different authority levels to care and inevitable discharge based on detainee conduct. Prison wardens distribute detainees to work, rehabilitative self-awareness undertakings, and treatment. As prisoners do their disciplines, the detainees who fit in with prison rules, achieve consigned work, and participate in healing activities, may progress toward least consideration. Prisoners who dismissal prison rules are rebuked and may be portrayed for a continuously restrictive power gathering and an inexorably secure prison. Prisoners are then required to show capability and improved lead after some an opportunity to progress from this status to less restrictive guardianship requests and prisons
Chapter 15
Detainees hold a “compelled want for privacy” in their bodies. In inspecting body cavity search, strip search, or any interruptions of considerable security, a court will change the necessity for the request against the invasion of privacy. Strip scans are generally allowed at this point various courts express that the endeavours must be related to genuine penological interests and can’t be outlandish or used to rebuff, alarm, or disturb.
Chapter 16
An assortment of components helps clarify why U.S. detainment patterns have been in a descending direction. Changes in the indictment and legal condemning examples, just as criminal laws, likewise assume a job in the declining number and portion of individuals behind bars. Ongoing decreases in jail sentences for a great many detainees who were spending time in jail for drug-related crimes related violations, for instance, have driven a generous decrease in the government jail populace. That, thusly, has added to the more extensive decrease in the general detained populace.
Works cited.
Seiter P. Corrections: An Introduction (5th Edition) 5th Edition. 2017