Wireless communication
Introduction
The world is fast changing in terms of technological applications and in the next five or so years most operations and processes will be fully automated. Wireless communication is taking wave as the industry continues to register phenomenal growth. Wireless communication devices are broadly used both in the private and public sectors to enhance and simplify operations and service delivery. Increased demand for reliable wireless communication systems has led to the development of advanced terrestrial and satellite wireless systems. It has also facilitated the development and efficient utilization of the available spectrum and multiple access techniques. both business and scientific analysts have suggested that the demand would further increase in the future due to enhanced performance capabilities of wireless communication networks in the society. However, the challenge of the sectors keeping up to needed capacity for the future wireless application and services. Therefore it calls for the intervention from both commercial and defense sectors to look into more aggressive solutions to resolve the perceived challenge
Wireless communication
. Communication systems basically consist of three main components, which are the transmitter, receivers, and communication channels. For any effective communication system, a bi-directional conversation from A to point B must be facilitated through a robust wireless communication network. The transmitter performs the function of transmission of messages/signals through a set communication channel. However original signals are not suitable for direct transmission to communication channels to receivers, therefore transducers are incorporated to convert the transmitted signals into an electrical signal known as message signal. The transmitter assures the matching of signal to the message signal to the wireless process of modulation. Other functions of transducers are signal amplification, information filtering, and signal radiation. Communication channels provide a physical medium that is used to in conveying information from the transducer to the receiver. Commonly used transmission lines in communications are telephone and telegraphs, air, or vacuum space. The medium may contain various obstructions such as natural terrestrial features like mountainous terrain or manmade features such as buildings and structures. Receivers are another element of wireless communication system, it servers the function of capturing the already transmitted signals and perform signal processes into a more common form of sounds, images, sounds, or data.
The need and demand for higher capacity wireless services have swiftly increased in the past few years. The increase in the demand for such systems is prompted by the urge to have developed wireless communication systems that conforms to the current status of technology. Another compelling reason for the need of auto-wireless communication systems is the challenges associated with terrestrial communication and network systems. Some of the challenges include escalated costs of operation and maintenance, unreliability in some regions due to limited network coverage, and the installation of a base station requires a larger space thus increasing in installation expenses.
This proposal is about the design of a considerably low cost electronically steered array feed through satellite tracking capabilities in variable angles of degrees. This is to address the challenge of low profile antennas in achieving the best quality dual circular polarization. Most available low profile circular polarized antennas, adding the second port in the single CP will enable the antennae systems to have orthogonal polarization while maintaining sufficient communication
Motivation
Communication plays a vital role in enhancing service delivery and generally all operation in all sectors of the economy. However, the systems of communication and devices currently used to facilitate the same in most military and defense department, are still of the past century despite the rapid technological revolution in telecommunication systems. Hence there is dire need to modify the design of the central polarized microstrip antenna to conform with the current and advanced technologies in order to improve the performance efficiently of these devices in communication network systems.
The aim or motivation of this project is to design, simulate and fabricate an enhanced microstrip patch array antenna with an operation bandwidth ranging between 2.35 GHz and 3.25 GHz in a pint to point communication systems for automotive radar systems.
Applications of.
Communication is essential in the facilitation of services and operations in the security and defense department. In military communications is to ensure that orders and vital information effectively flow right from commander to other security staffs at all levels thus ensuring continuous control of subordinate force. Development of circular polarized antennae with proper radar systems.
Other applications are where weight, size, cost, weight high performance, and simple installation are required. Circular polarized microstrip antennas are perfect since it is the fastest developing wireless devices in telecommunication industries and has a promising future. In the past five years, there has been a substantive improvement in activities and efforts to provide effective and efficient antenna globally.
Central polarized microstrip antenna has accumulative advantages such as their light weight, low profile, and most importantly their simplicity in manufacturing and fabrication of its components. However, there are some challenges associated with microstrip antennae such as narrow bandwidth and low gain when the transmission signal efficiency is low. But these disadvantages can be mitigated with an efficient intelligent design that is incorporated in whole antenna structures. Therefore this project aims in improving the design of the antenna by constructing many patches in the array configuration. The microstrip antenna is to be designed with its patch arrays fabricated from point to point connection with result comparison between fabricated and simulated design explicitly discussed.
Methodology
The development of this project shall be organized in a scientific and organized structure through chapters that give into detail the purpose, scope, and accomplishment of the project’s objective. The stem of the project shall be the designing and model generation, starting from a rectangular patch to the completion of the central polarized antenna. Testing of the designed model through simulations. and finally, fabrication of the designed model to generate a prototype that shall be used to test the functionality of the developed antenna array.
Future scope
Discoveries and innovations in technological systems and devices are quite dynamic. This is due to rapid developments and innovations observed in the past few decades. Therefore it is an undeniable fact that the currently used telecommunication devices will e rendered obsolete in the next two or so decades. Hence it is prudent to have a future projection on how advanced technology would affect every component designed. The design of a microstrip antenna shall have an internal reordere to facilitate wave motion as opposed to the resonant antenna or standing waves. Future designers should thrive to reduce the size of various telecommunications devices and improve the efficiency of the currently existing devices.